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EXAMPLE 8Finding the Surface Area of a Torus

Find the surface area of the torus parametrized by r(u,v)=(3+cosv)cosui+(3+cosv)sinuj+sinvk

where 0u2π and 0v2π.

Solution This is the torus graphed in Figure 42. To use formula (1) to find the area of a parametrized surface, we need to find the partial derivatives of r=r(u,v). ru(u,v)=(3+cosv)(sinu)i+(3+cosv)cosujrv(u,v)=(sinv)cosuisinvsinuj+cosvk

Next we find the cross product: ru×rv=|ijk(3+cosv)sinu(3+cosv)cosu0sinvcosusinvsinucosv|=(3+cosv)(cosucosvi+sinucosvj+sinvk)

Then

Now using formula (1), the surface area of S is \begin{eqnarray*} \iint\limits_{\kern-3ptR}( 3+\cos v)\, du\,dv&=&\int_{0}^{2\pi }\int_{0}^{2\pi }( 3+\cos v)\, dv\,du=\int_{0}^{2\pi }\big[ 3v+\sin v \big] _{0}^{2\pi }du\\[4pt] &=&\int_{0}^{2\pi }6\pi du=12\pi ^{2} \end{eqnarray*}