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EXAMPLE 5Differentiating a Polynomial Function

  1. (a) Find the derivative of f(x)=2x46x2+2x3.
  2. (b) What is f(2)?
  3. (c) Find the slope of the tangent line to the graph of f at the point (1,5).
  4. (d) Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of f at the point (1,5).
  5. (e) Use graphing technology to graph f and the tangent line to the graph of f at the point (1,5) on the same screen.

Solution (a) f(x)=ddx(2x46x2+2x3)=ddx(2x4)ddx(6x2)+ddx(2x)ddx3Sum & Difference Rules=2ddxx46ddxx2+2ddxx0Constant Multiple Rule=24x362x+21=8x312x+2Simple Power RuleSimplify

(b) f(2)=8(2)312(2)+2=6424+2=42.

(c) The slope of the tangent line at the point (1, −5) equals f(1). f(1)=8(1)312(1)+2=812+2=2

Figure 22 f(x)=2x46x2+2x3

(d) We use the point-slope form of an equation of a line to find an equation of the tangent line at (1,5). y(5)=2(x1)y=2(x1)5=2x+25=2x3

The line y=2x3 is tangent to the graph of f(x)=2x46x2+2x3 at the point (1,5).

(e) The graphs of f and the tangent line to f at (1,5) are shown in Figure 22.