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12
A Catalog of Reading Strategies
This chapter presents strategies for reading critically that you can apply to the selections in this book as well as to your other college reading.
For more about annotating, see Chapter 5; for more about outlining, see Chapter 11; for more about paraphrasing, see Chapter 23; for more about summarizing and synthesizing, see Chapters 5 and 23; for more about logical fallacies, see Chapter 19.
Annotating: Recording your reactions to, interpretations of, and questions about a text as you read it
Taking inventory: Listing and grouping your annotations and other notes to find meaningful patterns
Outlining: Listing the text’s main ideas to reveal how it is organized
Paraphrasing: Restating what you have read to clarify or refer to it
Summarizing: Distilling the main ideas or gist of a text
Synthesizing: Integrating into your own writing ideas and information gleaned from different sources
Contextualizing: Placing a text in its historical and cultural context
Exploring the significance of figurative language: Examining how metaphors, similes, and symbols are used in a text to convey meaning and evoke feelings
Looking for patterns of opposition: Inferring the values and assumptions embodied in the language of a text
Reflecting on challenges to your beliefs and values: Examining the bases of your personal responses to a text
Evaluating the logic of an argument: Determining whether an argument is well reasoned and adequately supported
Recognizing emotional manipulation: Identifying texts that unfairly and inappropriately use emotional appeals based on false or exaggerated claims
Judging the writer’s credibility: Considering whether writers represent different points of view fairly and know what they are writing about