| A MAP OF TIME |
|---|
| 570–632 | Life of Muhammad |
| 632–661 | Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs |
| 633–644 | Muslim conquest of Persia |
| 650s | Quran compiled |
| 656–661; 680–692 | Civil war; emergence of Sunni/Shia split |
| 661–750 | Umayyad caliphate |
| 711–718 | Conquest of Spain |
| 750–900 | High point of Abbasid caliphate |
| 751 | Battle of Talas River |
| 756 | Baghdad established as capital of Abbasid caliphate |
| 800–1000 | Emergence of Sufism |
| 1099 | Crusaders seize Jerusalem |
| 1206 | Delhi sultanate established in India |
| 1258 | Mongols sack Baghdad; formal end of Abbasid caliphate |
| 1324 | Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca |
| 1453 | Ottoman Empire conquers Constantinople; end of Byzantine Empire |
| 1492 | Christian reconquest of Spain complete; end of Muslim Spain |
| 1526 | Mughal Empire established in India |