Model notes and bibliography entries

The models in the following sections are consistent with guidelines in The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (2010). For each type of source, a model note appears first, followed by a model bibliography entry. The model note shows the format you should use when citing a source for the first time. For subsequent citations of a source, use shortened notes.

How to cite books (print and online)

How to cite articles in periodicals (print and online)

How to cite Web sites and postings

How to cite other sources (print, online, multimedia)

Directory to Chicago (CMS) notes and bibliography entries.

Some online sources, typically periodical articles, use a permanent locator called a digital object identifier (DOI). Use the DOI, when it is available, in place of a URL in your citations of online sources.

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: identifying elements of sources

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: notes 1

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: notes 2

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: notes 3

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: bibliography 1

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: bibliography 2

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation: bibliography 3

Exercise: Chicago (CMS) documentation