Reasonable vs. fallacious arguments
A-29
When you evaluate an argument, look closely at the reasoning and evidence behind it.
To be reasonable, an argument should pass these tests:
- The reasoning is sound.
- The arguments are fair.
- The author considers alternative views.
A number of unreasonable argumentative tactics are known as logical fallacies. Most of the fallacies—such as hasty generalizations and false analogies—are misguided or dishonest uses of legitimate argumentative strategies. The examples in this section suggest when such strategies are reasonable and when they are not.
- Hasty generalization
- Stereotype
- False analogy
- Post hoc fallacy
- Either . . . or fallacy
- Argument with missing claim
- Non sequitur
- Faulty deduction
- Unfair emotional appeal
- Straw man
- Quoting out of context
Exercise: