Important Events

Important Events

Chapter 10 Review: Important Events

910 Founding of Cluny
1049–1054 Papacy of Leo IX
1054 Schism between eastern and western churches begins
1066 Battle of Hastings: Norman conquest of England under William I
1071 Battle between Byzantines and Seljuk Turks at Manzikert
1073–1085 Papacy of Gregory VII
1077 Henry IV does penance before Gregory VII at Canossa; war breaks out
1086 Domesday survey
1095 Council of Clermont; Pope Urban II calls First Crusade
1096–1099 First Crusade
1097 Establishment of commune at Milan
1108–1137 Reign of Louis VI
1109 Establishment of the crusader states
1122 Concordat of Worms ends Investiture Conflict
c. 1140 Gratian’s Decretum published
1147–1149 Second Crusade

Consider three events: Papacy of Gregory VII (1073–1085), Concordat of Worms ends Investiture Conflict (1122), and Gratian’s Decretum published (c. 1140). How did these events serve to enhance the power of the papacy? How might the papacy have been different had any of these events not occurred?

Question

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Consider three events: Papacy of Gregory VII (1073–1085), Concordat of Worms ends Investiture Conflict (1122), and Gratian’s Decretum published (c. 1140). How did these events serve to enhance the power of the papacy? How might the papacy have been different had any of these events not occurred?