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Principles of Interpersonal Communication

W ithout fail, every season of The Bachelor (and its spin-off show, The Bachelorette) is touted as the “most controversial” ever. Season 15 contestant Michelle Money caused fan outrage by revealing that she had an affair with married NBA player Carlos Boozer. Kaitlyn Bristowe, the 11th season bachelorette, triggered vicious online “slut-shaming” after she had sex with a contestant early in the season. And when Ben Higgins proposed to Lauren Bushnell at the end of season 20 of The Bachelor, millions of Americans were confused as Higgins said he also loved the season's runner-up, JoJo Fletcher. But apart from the silliness, drama, and carefully-marketed “controversy” of contestant decision making, The Bachelor illustrates deeper truths about what drives us to be attracted to some people and not to others, the expectations that enfold us when we forge connections with others, and the dynamic and ever-changing nature of close relationships.

The Bachelor is a dating game show that matches a single man with more than two dozen female contestants.¹ The women are eliminated over a series of episodes, based on the bachelor’s interactions with them. The show’s goal is to have the bachelor propose marriage in the final episode to the “winner” (though not all seasons end with a proposal).

¹All information that follows is from Rice (2011).

The show involves strong expectations regarding communication and relationships. The bachelor evaluates each contestant’s potential as a spouse based on physical attractiveness; similarity; strength of attraction toward him; and how well she rises to such challenges as bungee jumping, cliff climbing, and swimming with sharks. Because the goal of the show is for the bachelor to find love, there is an expectation that some of the relationships will progress steadily through the stages of development, with one eventually culminating in marriage (or at least a proposal). The creation of closeness is fostered by relentless pressure on contestants to openly share their thoughts and feelings with the bachelor.

Though the contestants are competing with one another for the chance to “win,” they also live together and are expected to form friendships. Those who don’t act like a friend—who don’t share their thoughts and feelings with and provide emotional support to other contestants—invite scorn from both their rivals and the viewers. This is the main reason why viewers hated Courtney Robertson in season 16—she refused to communicate supportively toward the other women. Instead, she treated them competitively, going so far as to taunt them with snarky remarks, such as “Winning!” when she received a rose, which guaranteed her protection from elimination.

The Bachelor is one of the most successful reality shows in television history and has sparked two spin-offs as well as sister shows in Canada, Britain, and Chile. But though The Bachelor is framed as a show about finding love, at its heart it’s about what happens when people are thrown together, attraction sparks, and relationships form and disband. What’s at the core of all these processes? Interpersonal communication.

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Reality shows like The Bachelor and The Bachelorette aren’t reality. Instead, they’re heavily edited forms of entertainment, dressed up to look like real life. At the same time, these shows mirror the communication and relationship dramas that many people face. Watching them provides a reflection of how our own communication choices directly correspond to the relational outcomes that follow—whether for good or bad. They are also reminders of the importance of positive, healthy relationships—not only with romantic partners but also with friends, family members, and coworkers (Myers, 2002).

This chapter is the first of two exploring the primary tool you use to create, maintain, and end your relationships—interpersonal communication. This chapter covers its basic principles, whereas Chapter 10 provides a close look at how to manage and sustain the relationships you build during your life. In this chapter, you’ll learn: