| 3.1 Major Biological Functions of DNA
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| DNA can transfer biological characteristics from one organism to another.
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| DNA molecules are copied in the process of replication.
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| Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
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| 3.2 Chemical Composition and Structure of DNA
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| A DNA strand consists of subunits called nucleotides.
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| DNA is a linear polymer of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.
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| Cellular DNA molecules take the form of a double helix.
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| The three-dimensional structure of DNA gave important clues about its functions.
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| Cellular DNA is coiled and packaged with proteins.
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| 3.3 Retrieval of Genetic Information Stored in DNA: Transcription
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| Case 1: What was the first nucleic acid molecule, and how did it arise?
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| RNA is a polymer of nucleotides in which the 5-carbon sugar is ribose.
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| In transcription, DNA is used as a template to make complementary RNA.
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| Transcription starts at a promoter and ends at a terminator.
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| RNA polymerase adds successive nucleotides to the 3â² end of the transcript.
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| The RNA polymerase complex is a molecular machine that opens, transcribes, and closes duplex DNA.
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| 3.4 Fate of the RNA Primary Transcript
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| Messenger RNA carries information for the synthesis of a specific protein.
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| Primary transcripts in eukaryotes undergo several types of chemical modification.
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| Some RNA transcripts are processed differently from protein-coding transcripts and have functions of their own.
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