dangling modifiers, 652–53
dashes, 722–23
to link clauses, 640
parentheses versus, 721
with quotation marks, 718
data, 753
data
analyzing, 211
in the natural and applied sciences, 315–16
replicable, 315
databases, periodical
citing articles from
dates
abbreviations for, 737–38
commas in, 694–95
numbers in, 741
decimals, 741
definite article (the)
capitalizing in titles, 733
with nouns, 535
definition
for essay examinations, 332
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 102
definitions, quotation marks with, 715–16
delivery
of arguments, 182–83
of presentations, 281–82
demonstrative pronouns, 539
denotation, 379–80
dependent clause, 556 Sometimes called a “subordinate clause,” a word group that contains a subject and a predicate but can’t stand alone as a sentence because it begins with either a subordinating conjunction (because, although) or a relative pronoun (that, which).
in complex and compound-
as sentence fragment, 646
and sentence types, 559–60
description
Considering Disabilities, 177
in emotional appeals (pathos), 175–76
for essay examinations, 332
for exploring a topic, 45
for paragraph development, 101
design, 262–71. See also formatting; visuals and media
color, 266–67
Considering Disabilities, 267
for digital texts, 263
formats, 265–68
genre and, 263
headings, 268
margins, 266, 267–68
for multilingual writers, 266
planning, 263–65
for portfolios, 338
principles of, 263–65
purpose and, 263
for research projects, 252
revising, 86
type size and fonts, 267
white space, 266
detail. See also evidence
in arguments, 175–76
in paragraphs, 99–108
reviewing, 73
revising, 80
in visuals and media, 99–100
development, of paragraphs, 94–117
diagrams, 269. See also visuals and media
dialogue
quotation marks for, 715
dictation, for notes, 198
diction. See word choice
dictionaries, 386–89. See also vocabulary
Quick Help, 386–87
different from, different than, 754
digital texts. See also multimodal text; Web sites
annotating, 230
best practices for, 21–22
chunking for, 267–68
citing
cover letters for résumés, 325
designing, 262–71
global communication, 354–59
marking up, 68–69
permission for, 238
podcasts, 289–90
portfolios, 337–43
presentations, 283–84
reading critically, 124–25
résumés, 327
sample student texts, 346–51
streaming media, 289–90
Webcasts, 283
direct address, 694
directions. See compass points, capitalization of; process analysis
direct questions, 705
disabilities. See Considering Disabilities
disciplines, academic, 292–330
abbreviations in, 740
assignments for, 293–94
business, 322–30
collaboration in, 298–99
conventions in, 297–98
ethics and, 298
evidence for, 296–97
humanities, 300–305
numbers in, 740
Quick Help, 293–94
reading for, 293
sciences, natural and applied, 315–21
social sciences, 306–14
style in, 295–96
vocabulary for, 294–95
writing in any discipline, 292
discovery. See exploring a topic
discreet, discrete, 754
discussions, in class, 19–20
disinterested, uninterested, 754
disruptive modifiers, 651
distinct, distinctive, 754
division and classification
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 102
division-
do, forms of
as irregular verbs, 574
strong verbs versus, 680–81
documentation
APA style, 451–92
Chicago style, 493–517
CSE style, 518–32
MLA style, 402–50
in online texts, 287
preparing, 259
in wikis, 289
doesn’t, don’t, 754
DOI (digital object identifier)
APA style, 470–72
Chicago style, 504
don’t, doesn’t, 754
dots. See ellipses
double comparatives and superlatives, 615
double negatives, 616
doublespeak, 378
doubt, modals to show, 572
doubting game, 141
drafting, 58–62. See also reviewing; revising
planning and, 54–58
Quick Help, 58–59
research projects, 254–55
stages of, 72–73
drawing, to explore a topic, 43–44
due to, because of, 752