| key concept 56.1 Communities Are Groups of Interacting Species Occurring Together in Space and Time
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| Ecologists often use a subset of species to define communities
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| Species diversity and composition are important descriptors of community structure
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| key concept 56.2 Community Membership Depends on Species Supply, Environmental Conditions, and Species Interactions
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| Community membership depends on species supply
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| Environmental conditions are critical to community membership
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| Resident species can restrict or promote community membership
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| key concept 56.3 Communities Are Complex Networks of Species Interactions That Vary in Strength and Direction
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| Indirect interactions are important to community structure
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| Strongly interacting species often regulate community structure
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| Species with similar effects on one another may coexist by chance
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| key concept 56.4 Communities Are Always Changing
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| Change in communities can be caused by abiotic and biotic factors
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| Succession is a process of change in communities over time
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| Both facilitation and inhibition influence succession
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| Alternative successional pathways result in variations in community composition
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| key concept 56.5 Relationships between Species Diversity and Community Function Are Often Positive
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| Species diversity is associated with productivity and stability
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| Diversity, productivity, and stability differ between natural and managed communities
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| Apply What Youâve Learned
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