Facebook, 380, 682, 687

facts, believability of, 540

fair presentation

common ground essays, 177–78, 188–89, 195, 204, 208

position arguments, 281–82

of writer, testing for, 543

fallacies. See logical fallacies

false analogy, 249, 621

familiar expressions, common errors in, 49

“Fatty’s Custom Tattooz and Body Piercing (O’Leary)

faulty predication, H-37

FeedDemon, 681

feminine pronouns, pronoun agreement, H-13–14

Fendrich, Laurie, “Sex for Tuition”

fewer/less, H-113

“Field Guide to the Middle-Class U.S. Family, A” (Wang)

field research, 682–89. See also specific methods

hypothesis, developing for, 682–83

interviews, 60, 91–96, 110–14, 684–86

observations, 91–98, 682–84

for profiles, 91–98

for speculation about cause, 440

surveys, 686–89

“Fighting Bullying with Babies” (Bornstein), 310–16

figurative language. See also figures of speech

defined, 535

figures, numbering, 357, 647

figures of speech

allusions, 30

analysis in stories, 461

examples, “‘Letter from Birmingham Jail,’ An Annotated Sample from” (King), 536

exploring, as reading strategy, 521, 536–37

hyperbole, 30

metaphors, 30–31, 72, 536, 577–78

similes, 30–31, 72, 536, 577–78

symbolism, 536

use in writing, H-48

film reviews

presenting. See evaluations

research sources, 389

films

APA style documentation, 746

MLA style documentation, 726

titles, italics for, H-78

“Financial Incentives for Organ Donation” (National Kidney Foundation), 236–37

first person, H-99

in profiles, pros/cons, 97–98

“Fitness Culture, The” (McClain), 406–14, 441–42, 450–51, 453–54

flowcharts

explanations of concepts, 133

speculation about cause, 433

uses of, 649

focus

in explanations of concepts, 119–20, 132, 164

in position arguments, 245–46, 258, 263, 270, 274, 293

focused freewriting, 517

font style and size, 642–43

for academic writing, 643

for business writing, 643

document design, 642–43

for headings, 644

points, 643

forced-choice questions, 685

forecasting statements, 547–48

common ground essays, 178

as cue to readers, 356–57

evaluations, 356–57

explanations of concepts, 132–33, 155

in oral presentations, 774

position arguments, 247, 265

purpose of, 548

speculation about cause, 408, 432

stories, analysis of, 460

foreign words

italics for, H-79

plurals, forming, H-83

foreword

APA style documentation, 744

MLA style documentation, 719

“For Heaven’s Sake!” (Wright), 460–62, 466–70, 479–82, 491–93

formal citations, 615

formality, level of, and word choice, H-49

formal outlines, 513, 529–30

“For Some, Helicopter Parenting Delivers Benefits” (Aucoin), 225–27

fortuitous/fortunate, H-113

“4,100 Students Prove ‘Small Is Better’ Rule Wrong” (Dillon)

fractions, numerals versus spelled out numbers, 498–99, H-78

framing. See also reframing

defined, 246

in position arguments, 246, 258, 263, 270, 277–78

proposals for solutions, 314, 333–35

with rhetorical questions, 341

freewriting

focused, 517

invention and inquiry strategy, 517

proposals for solutions, 333–34

Frieden, Thomas R., “Ounces of Prevention—The Public Policy Case for Taxes on Sugared Beverages,” 300–301, 316–22

“From Innocence to Insight: ‘Araby’ as an Initiation Story” (Ratinov)

funnel paragraphs, avoiding, 483–84

fused sentences, correcting, H-7–8

future perfect tense, forming, H-105–6

future tense, forming, H-105–6