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e, silent, 399
each. See indefinite pronoun
each, every, 563–64
each other, one another, 754
-ed, -d endings, 567–68, 617
editing, 87–88
for essay examinations, 334–35
peer review and, 73
for research projects, 259
Top Twenty, 1–11
effect, affect, 397, 751
effect. See also cause and effect
antithesis for, 681–82
comma splices for, 636
coordination for, 666–67
fragments for, 643
parallelism for, 634
repetition for, 681
subordination for, 670–71
word order for, 682
e.g. (for example), 738
either . . . or. See correlative conjunctions
either-
electronic communication. See digital texts
electronic sources. See digital texts
elicit, illicit, 754
ellipses, 726–27
in APA references, 462
in informal writing, 706–7
period with, 726–27
in quotations, 226, 235–36, 726–27
elliptical constructions
omitted words, 656–57
pronoun case in, 603
elude, allude, 751
for business, 323
citing in APA style, 457, 482
citing in Chicago style, 508
citing in MLA style, 434
formality of, 358–59, 374
guidelines for writing, 21–22, 323
to make something happen, 346
for peer review, 68
privacy and, 248
Quick Help, 323
emigrate from, immigrate to, 754
emoticons, 21
emotional appeals (pathos), 143, 145–46, 175–78
emotional language, 86
emphasis
capital letters for, 734
coordination and subordination for, 665–71
dashes for, 723
design for, 266
fragments for, 643
italics for, 745
parallelism for, 634
sentence structure for, 678–83
empty words, 661
encyclopedias, 199, 202
end punctuation, 704–7
exclamation points, 705–6
in informal writing, 706–7
with parentheses, 721
periods, 704–5
question marks, 705
with quotation marks, 718
English language
sources of, 390
varieties of, 367–71, 398
English, British, 365
enough, some, 563–64
ensure, insure, assure, 752
enthused, enthusiastic, 754
enthymemes, 148, 173–74
equally as good, 754
-er, -est endings, 540–41, 614–15
errors, common. See Top Twenty
-es ending. See -s ending
especially, 725
essay examinations, 331–36
for multilingual writers, 334
Quick Help, 332–33
sample student response, 335–36
essays. See academic writing; writing projects
essential elements, 5, 689–91, 697
-est, -er ending, 540–41, 614–15
et al. (and others), 738
APA style, 455–56
Chicago style, 498–99
MLA style, 408, 415
etc. (and so forth), 738
ethical appeals. See ethos (ethical appeals)
ethics
academic integrity, 245–48
in the disciplines, 298
plagiarism, 227–29, 245–48
visuals, 152–53, 270–71
ethnicity, assumptions about, 363–64
ethnographic analyses, 308
ethos (ethical appeals), 28–29, 143–46, 165–68
etymology, in dictionary, 387
euphemisms, 377–78
evaluating sources, 212–24
analysis and, 133–39
articles (source map), 220–21
in the humanities, 300–301
literature reviews, 309–13, 317
in the natural and applied sciences, 315–17
purpose, 212
reading critically, 213, 215–21, 293
in the social sciences, 306–7
source maps, 218–19
Talking the Talk, 215
usefulness and credibility, 215–16
Web sources (source map), 218–19
working bibliographies, 213–14
every, 593. See also indefinite pronoun
every, each, 563–64
everybody, everyone, everything. See indefinite pronoun
everyday, every day, 397, 754
everyone, every one, 754
evidence Support for an argument’s claim. See also sources
acknowledging sources of, 179, 241–44
in arguments, 144–48, 168–75, 179
audience and, 33
critical reading and, 217, 296–97
cultural contexts for, 357
examples as, 101–2, 148, 168–71
gathering, 50
for global communication, 357
in the humanities, 302
in the natural and applied sciences, 315–16
in online texts, 287
in paragraphs, 99–108
reviewing, 73, 256–58
revising, 80
in the social sciences, 307
synthesizing, 222–23
uses of, 296–97
examinations, essay, 331–36
examples
analyzing, 133
as evidence, 148, 168–71, 357
in logical appeals, 168–71
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 101–2
in presentations, 276
revising, 80
transitions for, 111
except, accept, 397, 751
exclamation points, 705–6
in informal writing, 707
with parentheses, 721
with quotation marks, 718
exclamatory sentences, 560, 675
expectations for college writing. See academic writing
expertise model of collaboration, 121
explanatory notes (MLA style), 403–4
expletives (there, it)
at beginning of sentence, 84–85, 549
subject-
wordiness and, 662
explicit, implicit, 754
exploring a topic
for argument, 162
asking questions, 45
blogging, 45
brainstorming, 40–41, 196
clustering, 42–43
collaborating, 46
consulting sources, 46
drawing, 43–44
freespeaking, 41
freewriting, 41–42, 196
keeping a journal, 45
looping, 41–42
for multilingual writers, 46
for research, 195–98
word pictures, 43–44