Chapter Introduction

502

image

503

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Prejudice and Predictions

Believing the Stereotype

A VIEW FROM SCIENCE: I’m Not Like Those Other Old People

What’s the Harm?

The Demographic Shift

Theories of Aging

OPPOSING PERSPECTIVES: Stop the Clock?

Selective Optimization with Compensation

Personal Compensation: Sex

A CASE TO STUDY: Should Older Couples Have More Sex?

Social Compensation: Driving

Medical Compensation: Survival

The Aging Brain

Losses and Gains

New Neurons

Information Processing in Late Adulthood

Brain Diseases

The Ageism of Words

Prevalence of NCDs

The Many Neurocognitive Disorders

Preventing Impairment

Reversible Neurocognitive Disorder?

Older and Wiser?

Erikson and Maslow

Learning Late in Life

CHAPTER 14

Late Adulthood

Body and Mind

WHAT WILL YOU KNOW?

  • What percentage of older people are in nursing homes?

  • Are old men and women abnormal if they are interested in sex?

  • Can the average life span be extended to age 90 or more?

  • Is forgetting names a sign of major neurocognitive disorder?

Video: Late Adulthood Body and Mind: A Brief Overview

I have attended too many dinners sponsored by large groups. No longer do I enjoy church suppers with lasagna and Jell-O/marshmallow salad; no longer do I appreciate chicken and chocolates at nonprofit fund raisers; I am no longer impressed at corporate events when a well-dressed waiter offers everyone at my table choices—red or white wine, rare or well-done roast beef.

But recently I attended an organization’s dinner that surprised me. The appetizer was a kale and nut salad; a fish entrée and a bowl of Brussels sprouts were passed around family-style. The event celebrated 40 years of a group that works for pedestrian safety, protected bicycle lanes, and metered parking. Most of the hundreds of patrons arrived by foot, subway, or bike. They were mostly young, lean, and earnest. At least, the attendees seemed young.

As I think about it, some of them had silver hair: They looked young because of their attitude and fitness. Their passion for exercise and their commitment to this group may have slowed down their aging. My preconceptions were also challenged by the menu, the honorees, and the laughter, all contrary to the idea that adults settle quietly into habits set decades earlier.

This chapter describes the many physical and intellectual losses of late adulthood—in body health, in the senses, in memory. Some losses are devastating: deafness, blindness, heart disease, significant cognitive decline.

THINK CRITICALLY: Why do many people contemplate aging with sorrow rather than joy?

But there are gains as well, primarily in thinking and attitude. My assumptions were challenged, especially when I realized that older people can be active in new causes and innovative organizations. People of every age hold mistaken beliefs that undermine potential. As you will see, older adults can be strong, happy, and wise.