identification, in essay exams, 754

ideology, and judgment, 371–72

idioms

singular and plural forms in, H-34

use in sentences, H-47

“I’m Not Leaving Until I Eat This Thing” (Edge), 69–74

imperative mood, H-21, H-107

implied reference, pronoun agreement, H-11

indefinite adjectives, noun agreement with, H-34

indefinite pronouns

defined, H-100

possessive form, H-67

pronoun agreement, H-13

subject-verb agreement, H-24

indentation

hanging indent, 715

MLA style list of works cited, 715

paragraphs, 548

independent clauses

colons to introduce, H-60–61

commas, unnecessary, 290–91, H-56–57

commas between, 290–91, H-51, H-59

and comma splices, 291, H-6

conjunctive adverb connectives, H-102

and coordination, H-42

defined, H-96

and fused sentences, H-7–8

modifying phrases formed from, H-6, H-8

semicolons to join, 291, H-57–58

indexes, library, online, examples of, 678

indicative mood, H-21, H-107

indirect objects, H-97

indirect questions, periods in, H-70

indirect quotations

APA style documentation, 741

commas, unnecessary, H-57

integrating into sentences, H-38–40

MLA style documentation, 713

quotation marks, unnecessary, H-63, H-66

shifts to direct, H-32–33

infinitive. See base form (infinitive)

infinitive phrases, H-110–11

infographics, 149

Infomine, 681

informal citations, 615

InfoTrac, 202, 280, 339

“Inside the Business of Selling Human Body Parts” (Carney), 238–41

instructional process narratives, 571–72

intensifiers, eliminating in sentences, 49–50, H-46

interactive sources, Internet research, 681–82

interjections

commas, setting off with, H-53–54

defined, H-108

interlibrary loan, 677

Internet

essay on Web, design of, 106–7

evaluations on, 382

government information on, 679

infographics, 149

podcasts, 149

visuals, downloading from, 159, 647

Web tutorials, as explanations of concepts, 149

Internet Public Library, 681

Internet research, 679–82

blogs, 681

bookmarking sites, 339, 440

cautions about, 680, 682

for common ground essays, 196, 202, 339

discussion lists, 682

domain name extensions, 695

evaluations, 389

for explanations of concepts, 153

fees for, 678

government information on, 281, 336, 440, 679

interactive sources, 681–82

interlibrary networks, 677

linked to frequency, checking, 695

plagiarism, avoiding, 699

proposals for solutions, 339

for remembered event essays, 34

RSS (Really Simple Syndication), 681

search tools, 681

social networking sites, 682

sources, checking for credibility, 695–96

sources, documentation style for. See APA style; MLA style

sources, evaluating, 692–96

speculation about cause, 440

stories, analysis of, 482

subject directories, 681

wikis, 681

“Internships Are Valuable If They Follow the Law” (Olsen)

interrogative pronouns, H-100

interrupting phrases, commas with, 212

intertextuality, and analysis of visuals, 629, 633

interviews, 684–86

APA style documentation, 747

follow-up, 95

MLA style documentation, 727

notetaking, 94, 110–12, 685

planning, 684

preparing for, 92–93, 684–85

for profiles, 91–96, 110–14

proposals for solutions, 334

questions, types of, 685

quotations, integrating into essay, 95–96

reflecting on, 95, 685–86

schedule for, 92

Writer at Work (Brian Cable), 110–14

write-up, 95, 112–14, 685

in-text citations. See APA style; MLA style

“In Too Deep” (Ruprecht), 27–30, 36, 39–41

intransitive verbs, H-97, H-102

introduction of book

APA style documentation, 744

MLA style documentation, 719

introduction section, social sciences reports, 689

introductory elements, comma after, H-51

introductory phrases, to quotations, H-39, H-64

invention and inquiry strategies, 508–20

mapping, 508–13

for writing. See writing strategies, invention and inquiry

invention and research. See also specific types of essays, for example, remembered event essays

common ground essays, 198–206

evaluations, 384–92

explanations of concepts, 152–60

position arguments, 276–85

profiles, 89–100

proposals for solutions, 331–40

remembered event essays, 33–43

speculation about cause, 436–45

stories, analysis of, 473–84

inverted sentences, subject-verb agreement, H-23

irregular verbs, H-21, H-103–4

“Isn’t Narcissism Beneficial, Especially in a Competitive World?” (Twenge and Campbell)

issues

opposing positions, presenting. See common ground essays

position, stating on. See position arguments

is where/is when, avoiding, 167–68, H-38

it, vague use, correcting, 212–13, H-10

italics (underlining)

for emphasis in quotations, 701

foreign words, H-79

incorrect use, H-79

rules for use, H-78–79

titles of works, H-78

vehicles, planes, ships, H-79

words as words, letters, numbers, used as themselves, H-79

items in a series

commas, unnecessary, H-56

commas between, H-52–53

parallelism, H-40–41

semicolons between, H-58

its/it’s, H-114

“‘It’s Only Another Beer’ Black and Tan, The” (Ad Council/U.S. Department of Transportation) 273,

“It’s Time to Ban Head-First Tackles and Blocks” (Niechayev)