[Open index in supp window]

table of contents, for portfolio, 340

tables, 269. See also visuals and media

tag questions, 694

take, bring, 753

take-home exams, 335

Talking the Talk. See also the directory of boxed tips on p. 815

abbreviations

in the disciplines, 740

texting, 378

arguments, 162

assignments, 26

audience, reaching, 194

collaboration or cheating, 119

conventions, 17

correctness or stuffiness, 600

critical thinking, 126

disciplines, academic, 740

first person, 296

genre names, 35

grammatical terms, 547

numbers, 740

originality, 239

paragraph length, 96

research with an open mind, 215

revision, 65

saying something new, 239

spell checkers, 395

texting abbreviations, 378

visual texts, 137

wikis as sources, 208

wrong-word errors, 395

team projects. See collaboration

technical language, 294–95, 375–78

television. See visuals and media

templates, design

for portfolios, 338

for print and digital texts, 265

for Web sites and Web pages, 288, 338, 347

tense, 578–83 The form of a verb that indicates the time when an action takes place—past, present, or future. Each tense has simple (I enjoy), perfect (I have enjoyed), progressive (I am enjoying), and perfect progressive (I have been enjoying) forms.

APA style, 308, 454, 580

Chicago style, 495

of irregular verbs, 573–76

literary present, 580

MLA style, 580

for multilingual writers, 578–83

Quick Help, 583–84

of regular verbs, 573

in science writing, 318, 579

sequence of, 583–84

shifts in, 7, 626

subject-verb agreement and, 590–91

testimony, in argument, 171–72

tests, 331–36

text Traditionally, words on paper, but now anything that conveys a message. See also visuals and media

analyzing, 133–39

designing, 262–71

multimodal, 56–57, 285–90

in rhetorical triangle, 23–24

Web-based, 286–90

text messages

best practices for, 22

formality in, 358–59

punctuation of, 706–7

purpose and, 346

Talking the Talk, 378

than, then, 758

that

in conditional sentences, 587

as determiner, 563–64

subject-verb agreement, 594–95

vague use, 608

versus who, which, 608

that, this, 563–64

that, which, 608, 758

the (article)

as adjective, 540

for multilingual writers, 563–66, 657

with nouns, 535

in titles of works, 733, 743

their, there, they’re, 397

theirs, 8

theirselves, 758

them, they, 598–601

then, than, 758

therefore. See conjunctive adverb

there is, there are

at beginning of sentence, 84–85, 549

subject-verb agreement, 596

wordiness and, 662

there, their, they’re, 397

thesaurus, 3

thesis A statement that indicates the main idea or claim of a piece of writing. Thesis statements should include a topic—the subject matter—and a comment that makes an important point about the topic.

in academic writing, 18

in arguments, 164–65

in essay examinations, 333–34, 335

in global communication, 357–58

in the humanities, 302

hypothesis and, 195–96, 198

for multilingual writers, 49, 252

peer reviews of, 252, 258

referring to, in conclusions, 81–82

for research projects, 198, 251–52, 254–55

restating in conclusion, 81–82, 255

revising, 80

statement of, 47–48, 49, 198

testing, 251

working, 47–49, 164–65, 198, 251

they, indefinite use of, 609

they, them, 598–601

they’re, their, there, 397

thinking critically. See critical thinking and reading

third person (he, she, it, they)

of forms of be, 569–70

shifts and, 627

subject-verb agreement with, 590–91

this, that, 563–64

this, vague use of, 608

thorough, threw, through, 758

threats, in argument, 151

threw, through, thorough, 758

time of day

abbreviating, 737

colon in, 724

numbers in, 741

time for project

for business reading, 322

for multimodal texts, 285

for presentations, 121, 279, 281

for public writing, 346

for research projects, 193, 254

in rhetorical situation, 36

timing, in rhetorical situation, 24–25

title, revising, 81

title pages

APA style, 453

Chicago style, 494–95

CSE style, 518

MLA style, 405

titles of persons

abbreviations for, 704, 736–37

capitalizing, 732

commas with, 695

in global communication, 358–59

titles of works

capitalizing, 5, 733

italics for, 5, 743

previewing, 126

quotation marks for, 5, 715–16

of research projects, 254

revising, 81

subject-verb agreement, 596

to, capitalization of, 733

to forms. See infinitives

to, too, two, 397, 758

tone

for academic writing, 86, 629

design and, 265

for global communication, 356

for online texts, 22

for presentations, 281

for research projects, 250

reviewing for, 73

revising, 86

rhetorical situation and, 37

shifts in, 629

of sources, evaluating, 217

too, to, two, 397, 758

topic

choosing, 27, 194

exploring, 40–46

for multimodal text, 286

narrowing, 27, 47, 195

for online text, 286

of paragraph, 95–98

for research project, 194–95

rhetorical situation and, 24

in working thesis, 48

topic sentences, 73, 82, 95–97

Top Twenty (common errors), 1–11

apostrophes, 7–8, 708–12

capitalization, 5, 730–35

commas, missing, 3, 6–7, 687–90

commas, unnecessary, 5, 697–98

comma splice, 8, 636–40

documentation, 3, 245–46

editing quizzes. See the directory of online activities on p. 818

fused (run-on) sentences, 8, 636–40

hyphens, 10, 747–50

pronoun-antecedent agreement, 9, 604–6

pronoun reference, 4, 607–9

Quick Help, 2, 11

quotation marks, 4–5, 713–19

quotations, integrating, 9, 232–36

sentence fragments, 10–11, 643–47

sentence structure, 6, 654–55

spelling, 4, 394–400

verb tense, shifts in, 7, 626

words, missing, 6, 634, 656–57

words, wrong, 2–3, 395, 396–97

Toulmin arguments, 146–49, 164–65, 180–81

track changes, 58, 68–69

transition A word or phrase that signals a progression from one sentence or part of a sentence to another.

for coherence, 110–12

commas with, 693

in essay examinations, 334

paragraphs for, 116

in presentations, 275–76

Quick Help, 111

reviewing for, 73

semicolons with, 700–701

in sentence fragment, 644

for sentence variety, 674

transitive verb, 550–51, 623 A verb that acts on an object: Iposted my review online.

translations

citing in APA style, 463, 466

citing in Chicago style, 502

citing in MLA style, 417

providing, 38, 371–73

triangle, rhetorical, 23–24

troubleshooting. See Top Twenty

tutorials. See the directory of online activities on p. 817

Twitter and microblogs

audience for, 14–16, 31

best practices for, 22

citing in APA style, 481

citing in MLA style, 434

to explore a topic, 44, 46

to make something happen, 346

punctuation of, 706–7

rhetorical situation for, 14–16

sample student writing, 15

as social writing, 14–16

style for, 288–89, 359, 660

two, to, too, 397, 758

two-word verbs

hyphens and, 10, 749

for multilingual writers, 622–23

type, 267, 268

type, kind, sort, 755

typographical errors (typos), 88, 395