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I
appropriate uses, 1, 296
first person, 1, 32–33, 569–70
versus me, 598, 603
Ibid. (in the same place), 496
ideas
analyzing, 133–34
exploring, 40–46
reviewing, 72–73
idioms
in dictionary, 387, 388
for multilingual writers, 388, 620–24, 739
prepositions in, 542, 620–24
Quick Help, 621–22
Top Twenty, 2–3
i.e. (that is), 738
if clauses, 586–88
illicit, elicit, 754
illusion, allusion, 751
illustration
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 101–2
illustrations, 270. See also visuals and media
immigrate to, emigrate from, 754
impact, 755
imperative mood, 586
imperative sentences, 549, 560, 626–27, 675
implicit, explicit, 754
implied antecedents, 609
imply, infer, 755
in, at, on, 620–22
in-
including, 725
inclusive language, 32–33, 360–66
incomplete comparisons, 615
in-
indefinite articles. See a, an
indefinite pronoun, 539 A word such as each, everyone, or nobody that does not refer to a specific person or thing.
agreement with antecedent, 9, 605
agreement with verb, 594
possessive form of, 709
indenting
APA content notes, 452
APA references, 458
Chicago notes and bibliography, 495–96
long quotations, 234, 734
APA style, 234, 453
Chicago style, 234, 495
MLA style, 234, 405
MLA works cited, 411–12
outlines, 55–56
independent clause, 556–58 A word group containing a subject and a predicate that can stand alone as a sentence.
comma splices and, 636–40
conjunctive adverb with, 544, 639, 700–701
coordinating conjunction with, 7, 688–89, 700–701
dash with, 640
main idea in, 667–69
semicolon with, 638–39, 688–89, 700–701
and sentence types, 559–60
indexes
for periodicals, 204
review, 206
Indian, 363
indicative mood, 586
indirect discourse, 627–28, 717
indirect objects, 551
indirect questions, 704, 705
indirect quotations
citing in APA style, 456
citing in MLA style, 408
punctuating, 717
inductive reasoning, 173
infer, imply, 755
infinitive, 553–56 To plus the base form of a verb (to go, to run, to hit), which can serve as a noun, an adverb, or an adjective: One option is to leave (noun). We stopped to rest (adverb). He needs time to adjust (adjective).
gerund versus, 554–55
for multilingual writers, 554–55
objective pronouns after, 600
split, 651
verb sequence with, 584
infinitive phrases, 553–56
informal writing. See also formality
academic writing versus, 14–17
audience for, 14–16, 22, 31
guidelines for, 22
online, 14–16, 22
punctuation in, 706–7
rhetorical situation and, 24, 31
-ing words
as nouns (gerunds), 553
as present participles, 568, 584, 617
in progressive forms, 579, 580
initial abbreviations, 737–38
inquiry, letters of, 325–26
inside of, 755
instructions, modals for, 572
instructor comments, 11, 76–79
insure, assure, ensure, 752
integrating sources, 232–40. See also synthesis
drafting and, 255
paraphrases, 232–33, 236
patchwriting and, 239–40, 244
Quick Help, 235
quotations, 9, 232–36
signal phrases, 234–35
student sample, 223–24
summaries, 232–33, 237
Talking the Talk, 239
visuals and media, 237–39
integrity, academic, 245–48
intellectual property, 241, 248
intensifiers, 613
intensive pronouns, 538
interact, interface, 755
interactive features, for online texts, 287
interface, interact, 755
interjection, 537, 545, 694 An exclamation of surprise or other strong emotion: Ouch!
interlibrary loans, 206
Internet addresses. See URLs
Internet research, 206–8. See also research (research projects)
evaluating sources, 218–19
to explore a topic, 46, 50
reading onscreen, 125
research logs for, 197
to support a thesis, 50
interrogative pronouns, 539
interrogative sentences, 560, 675. See also questions
interviews
citing
APA style, 457, 474
Chicago style, 509
MLA style, 436
as field research, 208–9, 242
Quick Help, 209
in the social sciences, 307
in-
abbreviations in, 738–39
APA style, 454–58
Chicago style, 495–96, 498–512
CSE style, 519
MLA style, 405–11
parentheses for, 721
plagiarism and, 245–48
intransitive verbs, 551
introductions
anecdotes in, 113–14
of arguments, 179–80
hooks in, 81
paragraphs for, 112–14
of presentations, 274–75
questions in, 114, 254
quotations in, 81, 113
of research projects, 254–55
revising, 81
introductory elements, commas with, 3, 687
invented words, 716
inventory, writing, 11, 87
inverted word order, 682
invitational argument, 161–62, 181–82
irony, 716
irregardless, regardless, 387, 755
irregular comparatives and superlatives, 614–15
irregular verb, 573–76 A verb that does not form the past tense and past participle by adding -ed or -d to the base form.
is. See be, forms of
issues, exploring, 162. See also argument
is when, is where, 656, 755
it
at beginning of sentence, 84–85, 662
as subject of sentence, 549, 557
vague and indefinite use of, 608, 609
italics, 743–46
APA style, 458, 470, 476
Chicago style, 500, 506, 510
CSE style, 520, 522
in headings, 268
MLA style, 412
Quick Help, 744
items in a series. See series
it is, it seems, 662
its, it’s, 7–8, 397, 711, 755