I
Ibid. (in the same place), 496
ideas
analyzing, 133–34
exploring, 40–46
reviewing, 72–73
idioms
Quick Help, 621–22
Top Twenty, 2–3
i.e. (that is), 738
if clauses, 586–88
illicit, elicit, 754
illusion, allusion, 751
illustration
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 101–2
illustrations, 270. See also visuals and media
immigrate to, emigrate from, 754
impact, 755
imperative mood, 586
implicit, explicit, 754
implied antecedents, 609
imply, infer, 755
in, at, on, 620–22
in-
including, 725
incomplete comparisons, 615
in-
indefinite articles. See a, an
indefinite pronoun, 539 A word such as each, everyone, or nobody that does not refer to a specific person or thing.
agreement with verb, 594
possessive form of, 709
indenting
APA content notes, 452
APA references, 458
Chicago notes and bibliography, 495–96
MLA works cited, 411–12
outlines, 55–56
independent clause, 556–58 A word group containing a subject and a predicate that can stand alone as a sentence.
comma splices and, 636–40
dash with, 640
main idea in, 667–69
and sentence types, 559–60
indexes
for periodicals, 204
review, 206
Indian, 363
indicative mood, 586
indirect objects, 551
indirect quotations
citing in APA style, 456
citing in MLA style, 408
punctuating, 717
inductive reasoning, 173
infer, imply, 755
infinitive, 553–56 To plus the base form of a verb (to go, to run, to hit), which can serve as a noun, an adverb, or an adjective: One option is to leave (noun). We stopped to rest (adverb). He needs time to adjust (adjective).
gerund versus, 554–55
for multilingual writers, 554–55
objective pronouns after, 600
split, 651
verb sequence with, 584
infinitive phrases, 553–56
informal writing. See also formality
academic writing versus, 14–17
guidelines for, 22
punctuation in, 706–7
-ing words
as nouns (gerunds), 553
initial abbreviations, 737–38
inquiry, letters of, 325–26
inside of, 755
instructions, modals for, 572
insure, assure, ensure, 752
integrating sources, 232–40. See also synthesis
drafting and, 255
Quick Help, 235
signal phrases, 234–35
student sample, 223–24
summaries, 232–33, 237
Talking the Talk, 239
visuals and media, 237–39
integrity, academic, 245–48
intensifiers, 613
intensive pronouns, 538
interact, interface, 755
interactive features, for online texts, 287
interface, interact, 755
interlibrary loans, 206
Internet addresses. See URLs
Internet research, 206–8. See also research (research projects)
evaluating sources, 218–19
reading onscreen, 125
research logs for, 197
to support a thesis, 50
interrogative pronouns, 539
interviews
citing
Chicago style, 509
MLA style, 436
Quick Help, 209
in the social sciences, 307
in-
abbreviations in, 738–39
APA style, 454–58
CSE style, 519
MLA style, 405–11
parentheses for, 721
plagiarism and, 245–48
intransitive verbs, 551
introductions
anecdotes in, 113–14
of arguments, 179–80
hooks in, 81
paragraphs for, 112–14
of presentations, 274–75
of research projects, 254–55
revising, 81
invented words, 716
inverted word order, 682
irony, 716
irregular comparatives and superlatives, 614–15
irregular verb, 573–76 A verb that does not form the past tense and past participle by adding -ed or -d to the base form.
is. See be, forms of
issues, exploring, 162. See also argument
it
italics, 743–46
in headings, 268
MLA style, 412
Quick Help, 744
items in a series. See series
it is, it seems, 662