6.1 An Overview of Metabolism
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Organisms can be classified according to their energy and carbon sources.
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Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that sustain life.
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6.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy
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Kinetic energy and potential energy are two forms of energy.
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Chemical energy is a form of potential energy.
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ATP is a readily accessible form of cellular energy.
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6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics
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The first law of thermodynamics: Energy is conserved.
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The second law of thermodynamics: Energy transformations always result in an increase in disorder in the universe.
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A chemical reaction occurs when molecules interact.
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The laws of thermodynamics determine whether a chemical reaction requires or releases energy available to do work.
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The hydrolysis of ATP is an exergonic reaction.
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Non-spontaneous reactions are often coupled to spontaneous reactions.
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6.5 Enzymes and the Rate of Chemical Reactions
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Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
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Enzymes form a complex with reactants and products.
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Enzymes are highly specific.
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Enzyme activity can be influenced by inhibitors and activators.
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Allosteric enzymes regulate key metabolic pathways.
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Case 1: What naturally occurring elements might have spurred the first reactions that led to life?
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