How to list authors
Single author
Two authors
Three or more authors
Organization or company as author
No author listed: Article or other short work
No author listed: Audio/video
No author listed: Book, entire website, or other long work
Two or more works by the same author
Two or more works by the same group of authors
Editor or translator (without author)
Author with editor or translator
Graphic narrative or other illustrated work
Author using a pseudonym (pen name) or screen name
Author quoted by another author (indirect source)
How to cite articles and other short works
Journal article (print)
Journal article (on the web)
Journal article (from a database)
Article in a monthly magazine (print)
Article in a weekly magazine (print)
Article in a magazine (on the web)
Article in a magazine (from a database)
Article in a newspaper (print)
Article in a newspaper (on the web)
Article in a newspaper (from a database)
Abstract of an article
Abstract of a dissertation (from a database)
Article with a title in its title
Editorial
Unsigned article
Letter to the editor
Comment on an online article
Paper or presentation at a conference
Book review (print)
Book review (on the web)
Book review (from a database)
Film review or other review (print)
Film review or other review (on the web)
Performance review
Interview (print)
Interview (on the web)
Interview (television or radio)
Interview (personal)
Article in a dictionary or an encyclopedia (print)
Article in a dictionary or an encyclopedia (including a wiki) (on the web)
Letter (print)
Letter (from an online archive)
Letter (personal)
How to cite books and other long works
Basic format for a book (print)
Basic format for a book (e-book)
Basic format for a book (on the web)
Basic format for a book (from a database)
Part of a book (foreword, introduction, preface, afterword)
Chapter in a book
Book with a title in its title
Book in a language other than English
Entire anthology or collection
One selection from an anthology or a collection
Two or more selections from an anthology or a collection
Edition other than the first
Multivolume work
Sacred text
Book in a series
Republished book
Pamphlet, brochure, or newsletter
Dissertation
Proceedings of a conference
Report
Manuscript
How to cite websites and parts of websites
Website (with author or editor)
Website (with organization as author)
Website (with no author)
Website (with no title)
Short work from a website (with author)
Short work from a website (with no author)
Long work from a website
Entire blog
Blog post
Comment on a blog post
Academic course or department home page
How to cite audio, visual, and multimedia sources
Podcast
Film
Supplementary material accompanying a film
Video or audio from the web
Video game
Computer software or app
Television or radio episode or program (broadcast)
Television or radio episode or program (on the web)
Transcript of an audio or video program
Performance
Lecture or public address
Musical score
Sound recording
Work of art (original)
Work of art (on the web)
Work of art (reproduction—print)
Photograph (original)
Photograph (on the web)
Photograph (reproduction—print)
Cartoon or comic strip
Advertisement
Visual (table, chart, graphic)
Map
How to cite government and legal documents
Government document
Testimony before a legislative body
Historical document
Legislative act (law)
Court case
How to cite personal communication and social media
E-mail message
Text message
Posting to an online discussion list
Facebook post or comment
Tweet