object complements, H-97

objective pronoun case, H-17, H-99, H-107

object of sentence

commas, unnecessary, H-55

complements. See object complements

compound. See compound objects

defined, H-97

direct, H-97

indirect, H-97

noun clause as, H-109

of prepositions, H-16, H-107

whom as, H-15–16

observations, 682–84

notetaking, 683

planning, 682–83

preparing for, 92–93

for profiles, 91–98

reflecting on, 95, 584

schedule for, 92

write-up, 95, 683–84

writing strategies for, 683

O’Leary, Briana, “Fatty’s Custom Tattooz and Body Piercing”

Olsen, Camille, “Internships Are Valuable If They Follow the Law”

O’Malley, Patrick

“More Testing, More Learning,” 299–300, 302–10, 314–15, 327, 345–48

Writer at Work, 347–48

omitted letters, apostrophe for, H-68

omitted words

in compound structures, H-30

ellipsis marks for, 489–90, 702, H-69

multilingual writers, troublespots, H-27, H-93–94

in sentences, H-27–30

one of the, subject-verb agreement, H-24

online research. See Internet research

On the Media, “Reel Sounds of Violence, The”

opening strategies. See also topic sentences

common ground essays, 202, 206–7

evaluations, 392

explanations of concepts, 161

position arguments, 285–86

profiles, 101

proposals for solutions, 341

remembered event essays, 43–44

speculation about cause, 446

stories, analysis of, 483–84

open questions, 685, 687, 688

opposing positions

anticipating. See readers, objections, anticipating

exploring. See position arguments

patterns of opposition, 537–38

responding to. See concessions; refutation

oral presentations, 772–76

audience and purpose, 773

delivery, guidelines for, 776

ending, 776

orienting listeners, cues for, 773–74

rehearsing, 775

types of, 772–73

visuals for, 774–75

organization. See also outlining

chronological order, 79, 85

by classifying. See classification and classifying

common ground essays, 177–78, 188, 195, 208

dramatic arc, 12, 29, 36–37, 48

evaluations, 356–57, 367, 373–74, 381, 384

explanations of concepts, 120, 156, 164

narrative plan. See narrative organizational plan, profiles

position arguments, 249, 259, 272, 276, 284

profiles, 62–63, 72–73, 79, 85, 89, 96, 102, 105

proposals for solutions, 303–4, 322, 328, 331, 340–41, 343

remembered event essays, 12, 48

speculation about cause, 408–9, 421–22, 425, 432, 435

stories, analysis of, 462–63, 470, 473, 483

topical. See topical organizational plan, profiles

orienting statements, 546–48

forecasting statements as, 547–48

thesis statements as, 546–47

“Ounces of Prevention—The Public Policy Case for Taxes on Sugared Beverages” (Brownell and Frieden), 300–301, 316–22

outlining, 510–14

chunking, 512

common ground essays, 205–6

defined, 529

evaluations, 391–92

example, “‘Letter from Birmingham Jail,’ An Annotated Sample from” (King), 528–30

explanations of concepts, 156

formal outlines, 513, 529–30

position arguments, 284

profiles, 96–97

proposals for solutions, 340

quick sketch as, 35–36

as reading strategy, 529–31

remembered event essays, 36–37

scratch outlines, 156, 510–11, 530

sentence outlines, 512–13

speculation about cause, 445

stories, analysis of, 483

for summaries, 532

topic outlines, 96, 512–13

oversimplifying, 249, 621