key concept3.1Macromolecules Characterize Living Things
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Chemical groupings determine the structures of macromolecules
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The structures of macromolecules reflect their functions
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Most macromolecules are formed by condensation and broken down by hydrolysis
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key concept3.2The Function of a Protein Depends on Its Three-Dimensional Structure
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Monomers of proteins link together to make the macromolecule
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Peptide linkages form the backbone of a protein
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The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence
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The secondary structure of a protein requires hydrogen bonding
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The tertiary structure of a protein is formed by bending and folding
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The quaternary structure of a protein consists of subunits
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Shape and surface chemistry contribute to protein function
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Environmental conditions affect protein structure
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Protein shapes can change
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Molecular chaperones help shape proteins
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key concept3.3Simple Sugars Are the Basic Structural Unit of Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides are simple sugars
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Glycosidic linkages bond monosaccharides
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Polysaccharides store energy and provide structural materials
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Chemically modified carbohydrates contain additional functional groups
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key concept3.4Lipids Are Defined by Their Solubility Rather Than by Chemical Structure
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Fats and oils are triglycerides
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Phospholipids form biological membranes
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Some lipids have roles in energy conversion, regulation, and protection
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Apply What Youâve Learned
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