“9/11 ‘Overreaction’? Nonsense, The” (Krauthammer), 106
“About Men” (Ehrlich), 570–73
abstract words, 72
“Absurd Decision on Obama Makes a Mockery of the Nobel Peace Prize” (Binyon), 138–39
accuracy, fallacies of, 100
accurate evidence, 98
Achebe, Chinua, “The Empire Fights Back,” 1111–14
active reading
annotating, 48–51
asking questions, 44–48
from close reading to analysis, 54–58
using a graphic organizer, 51–54
active verbs, 693–94
Adams, Abigail, “Letters” (with J. Adams), 535–39
Adams, John, “Letters” (with A. Adams), 535–39
ad hominem fallacy, 99, 140
ad populum fallacy (bandwagon appeal), 109, 140
Agosín, Marjorie, “Always Living in Spanish,” 735–38
agreement, pronoun–antecedent, 583–84
“Alarmist or Alarming Rhetoric?” (Demby), 28
Alexander, Caroline, “The Great Game,” 660–65
Alexie, Sherman, “Superman and Me,” 215–18
Allen, Will, “A Good Food Manifesto for America,” 976–80
alliteration, 78
allusion, 78
Alvord, Lori Arviso, “Walking the Path between Worlds,” 316–23
“Always Living in Spanish” (Agosín), 735–38
American Civil Liberties Union, 14–15
“American Table, The” and “The Global Table” (Foer), 967–72
Ammar, Hassan, Slovakian Soccer Fan at 2010 World Cup in South Africa, 873
analogy, faulty, 99–100, 141
anaphora, 73, 78, 386–87
Anderson, Lars, “The Sound and the Glory,” 687–89
anecdotes, 103–4
annotating, 48–51
antecedents, 583–84
antimetabole, 78, 387
antithesis
analyzing syntax and, 47
definition, 79
Kennedy’s use of, 73, 79
parallel structure and, 387
Anzaldúa, Gloria, “How to Tame a Wild Tongue,” 725–35
Apollo 11 mission, 30–35
“Apology, The” (Blumenfeld), 1048–56
appeals
to false authority, 108, 140
rhetorical (see rhetoric: appeals to ethos, logos, pathos)
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, “The Case for Contamination,” 864–68
Applebaum, Anne, “If the Japanese Can’t Build a Safe Reactor, Who Can?,” 26–27. See also Demby, Tamar, “Alarmist or Alarming Rhetoric?”
appositives
definition and examples, 269–70
exercises, 272–76
position of, 271
punctuation and, 270–71
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 271–72
archaic language, 72, 79
“Are We Getting Our Share of the Best?” (Simpson), 171
“Are Women Really More Talkative Than Men?” (Mehl et al.), 557–61
arguments
analyzing visual texts as arguments, 131–37
cumulative activity: “Absurd Decision on Obama Makes a Mockery of the Nobel Peace Prize” (Binyon), 137–39
defined, 140
definition of argument, 81–85
essay in progress
developing a thesis, 97
first draft, 140
selecting a topic, 85
shaping an argument, 120
staking a claim, 95
using evidence, 111
using visual evidence, 137
glossary of argument terms and fallacies, 140–43
presenting evidence
first-hand evidence, 101–5
logical fallacies, 99–101, 103, 106–7, 108, 109
relevant, accurate, and sufficient evidence, 98
second-hand evidence, 105–8
shaping arguments
classical oration, 111–15
combining induction and deduction, 120–25
deduction, 119–20
induction, 116–19
Toulmin model, 126–31
staking a claim
activity: identifying types of claims, 93–94
claims of fact, 87
claims of policy, 91–92
claims of value, 87–91
overview, 85–86
types of claims, 86–87
thesis statements
closed thesis statements, 95–96
counterargument thesis statements, 96–97
open thesis statements, 96
using sources to inform, 146–48
“Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood” (Rodriguez), 303–14
Aristotelian (rhetorical) triangle, 3–4, 37
Aristotle, 1, 3–4, 8
“As Colleges’ Greed Grows, So Does the Hypocrisy” (Wilbon), 678–81
assertions. See claims
assumption (warrant), in Toulmin model, 126–28, 130, 143
asyndeton, 79
“Atlanta Exposition Address, The” (Washington), 417–21
audience
defined, 36
definition of rhetoric and, 1
in rhetorical triangle, 4
SOAPS checklist and, 5–7
using sources to appeal to an audience, 148–52
Austen, Jane, Pride and Prejudice, 23–25
automatic ethos, 8–9
backing, in Toulmin model, 126–27, 130, 140
Baldwin, James, “A Talk to Teachers,” 197–203
bandwagon appeal (ad populum fallacy), 109, 140
“Barbaro, The Heart in the Winner’s Circle” (Smiley), 641–43
“Barbie Doll” (Piercy), 561–62
Barboza, David, “Shanghai Schools’ Approach Pushes Students to Top of Tests,” 263–66
Bauerlein, Mark
The Dumbest Generation, 167–68
“Why Johnny Won’t Read” (with Stotsky), 575–77
begging the question, 140
Begley, Sharon, “The Dumbest Generation? Don’t Be Dumb,” 168–69
“Being a Man” (Theroux), 567–70
Berlinger, Sarah, “The Paradox of Power,” 1119–23
Berry, Wendell, “Waste,” 484–87
“Besieged by ‘Friends’” (Havrilesky), 860–61
“Best in Class” (Talbot), 223–32
Binyon, Michael, “Absurd Decision on Obama Makes a Mockery of the Nobel Peace Prize,” 138–39
The Black Experience Is Everywhere (Nissan Motor Company), 359–60
“Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat” (Churchill), 43–44
Blumenfeld, Laura, “The Apology: Letters from a Terrorist,” 1048–56
Boland, Evan, “In Which the Ancient History I Learn Is Not My Own,” 1108–11
Botstein, Leon, “Let Teenagers Try Adulthood,” 254–56
Brady, Judy, “I Want a Wife,” 539–41
Brooks, David, “Mind over Muscle,” 577–79
Brown, Scott, “Facebook Friendonomics,” 342–44
Bush, George W., 6–7
Carnegie, Andrew, “The Gospel of Wealth,” 361–63
“Carnivore’s Dilemma, The” (Niman), 973–76
Carr, Nicholas, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?”, 170–71
Carson, Rachel, Silent Spring, 888–96
“Case for Contamination, The” (Appiah), 864–68
“Case for Working with Your Hands, The” (Crawford), 449–60
cause and effect, subordinating conjunctions indicating, 1124
“Celebrity Bodies” (Harris), 838–46
Chancellor Séguier at the Entry of Louis XIV into Paris in 1660 (Le Brun), 562–65
Chancellor Séguier on Horseback, The (Wiley), 562–65
Chaptman, Dennis, “‘Resume Padding’ Prevalent in College-Bound Students Who Volunteer,” 157
Chast, Roz
The Last Thanksgiving, 358–59
Shelved, 174
What I Learned, 243–47
“Checkers speech” (Nixon), 13–14
“Child of the Americas” (Morales), 354–55
Christian Science Monitor Editorial Board, “Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, and the Billionaire Challenge,” 375–77
Christiansted: Official Map and Guide (National Park Service), 1115–17
Churchill, Winston, “Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat,” 43–44
circular reasoning, 100–101, 140
Cisneros, Sandra, “Eleven,” 239–42
claims
activity: identifying types of claims, 93–94
claims of fact, 87, 141
claims of policy, 91–92, 141
claims of value, 87–91, 141
defined, 140
overview, 85–91
“Clan of One-Breasted Women, The” (Williams), 927–34
classical oration, 111–15
Clift, Eleanor, “Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On,” 74–77. See also “Inaugural Address” (Kennedy); Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (U.S. Army Signal Corps)
close analysis essays
activity: “On Laziness” (Morley), 63–65
developing a thesis statement, 61–62
sample essay: on Marx, “Letter to Warner Brothers,” 62–63
text and initial questions, 58–61
closed thesis statements, 95–96, 141
close reading
analyzing style
activity: “Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat” (Churchill), 43–44
model analysis: “Speech to the Troops at Tillbury” (Elizabeth I), 40–43
culminating activity: Kennedy inauguration, 69–78
glossary of style elements, 78–80
overview, 39
talking with the text (active reading)
annotating, 48–51
asking questions, 44–48
from close reading to analysis, 54–58
using a graphic organizer, 51–54
visual texts
activity: Girl Scouts ad, 68
example: Dodge Durango ad, 65–67
writing a close analysis essay
activity: “On Laziness” (Morley), 63–65
developing a thesis statement, 61–62
sample essay: on Marx, “Letter to Warner Brothers,” 62–63
text and initial questions, 58–61
“Coeducational Schools” (Tannenbaum), 581–83
Cofer, Judith Ortiz, “The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named María,” 9–10, 546–51
colons, 271
Columbus, Christopher, “Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain,” 1091–96
commas
with appositives, 270
in complex sentences, 1125–26
sentence patterns and, 995
community
Conversation (see Conversation: The Individual’s Responsibility to the Community)
introduction, 279
readings
“Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood” (Rodriguez), 303–14
The Black Experience Is Everywhere (Nissan Motor Company), 359–60
“Child of the Americas” (Morales), 354–55
“Facebook Friendonomics” (Brown), 342–44
“The Family That Stretches (Together)” (Goodman), 314–16
Freedom from Want (Rockwell), 356–57
“Health and Happiness” (Putnam), 323–36
“Home at Last” (Mengestu), 337–42
The Last Thanksgiving (Chast), 358–59
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), 280–95
“Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted” (Gladwell), 344–54
“Walking the Path between Worlds” (Alvord), 316–23
“Where I Lived, and What I Lived For” (Thoreau), 296–302
student writing: “Fraternities and Sororities” (Copeland)
draft, 380–81
revision, 381–83
suggestions for writing, 391–92
“Community Service Mission Statement” (Dalton School), 154–55
complexity, recognizing, 160–61
complex sentences
analyzing syntax and, 47
Kennedy’s use of, 73, 74
subordination and
exercises, 1127–30
overview, 1124–25
punctuation with, 1125–26
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 1126–27
compound sentences
analyzing syntax and, 47
Kennedy’s use of, 74
“Concerning Violence” (Fanon), 1106–8
concession
defined, 36
logos and, 11–12
subordinating conjunctions indicating, 1124
concise diction. See diction
conclusion
in classical oration (peroratio), 112
in deductive reasoning, 119
condition, subordinating conjunctions indicating, 1125
confirmatio (conformation), in classical oration, 112
conjunctions
coordinating, 74
subordinating, 1124–26
connotation, 36
consistency, pronoun–antecedent, 583–84
context
defined, 36
rhetorical situation and, 3
contrast, subordinating conjunctions indicating, 1124
Conversation: The American High School
entering the conversation, 266–67
making connections, 266
readings
“Let Teenagers Try Adulthood” (Botstein), 254–56
“The Liberal Arts in an Age of Info-Glut” (Gitlin), 251–53
Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education (Mann), 248–51
“Shanghai Schools’ Approach Pushes Students to Top of Tests” (Barboza), 263–66
“Stop the Madness” (Ravitch), 257–60
Two Scoreboards (Koren), 256
“U.S. Math Performance in Global Perspective” (Hanushek et al.), 260–63
student writing: “A Talk to High School Teachers” (Wilchek), 267–69
Conversation: American Politics and the English Language
entering the conversation, 778–79
making connections, 777–78
readings
“How to Detect Propaganda” (Institute for Propaganda Analysis), 756–61
“The -Ism Schism: How Much Wallop Can a Simple Word Pack?” (Nunberg), 768–70
NCAA Native American Mascots (Lester), 767–68
“Nonviolent Language” (North York Women Teachers’ Association), 766–67
“The War of the Words: A Dispatch from the Front Lines” (Okrent), 770–74
“The Word Police” (Kakutani), 761–66
Words That Work (Luntz), 775–77
student writing: “My Three Englishes” (Nikaein), 779–81
Conversation: Colonialism
entering the conversation, 1118–19
making connections, 1117–18
readings
Christiansted: Official Map and Guide (National Park Service), 1115–17
“Concerning Violence” (Fanon), 1106–8
“Defense of Native American Religion” (Red Jacket), 1097–1100
“The Empire Fights Back” (Achebe), 1111–14
“In Which the Ancient History I Learn Is Not My Own” (Boland), 1108–11
“Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain” (Columbus), 1091–96
“The Requerimiento” (King Ferdinand), 1096–97
“Shooting an Elephant” (Orwell), 1100–6
student writing: “The Paradox of Power” (Berlinger), 1119–23
Conversation: Defining Masculinity
entering the conversation, 580
making connections, 579–80
readings
“About Men” (Ehrlich), 570–73
“Being a Man” (Theroux), 567–70
Marlboro Man (McCombe), 566–67
“Mind over Muscle” (Brooks), 577–79
“Putting Down the Gun” (Walker), 573–75
“Why Johnny Won’t Read” (Bauerlein and Stotsky), 575–77
student writing: “Coeducational Schools” (Tannenbaum), 581–83
Conversation: The Dumbest Generation?
introduction, 166–67
readings
“Are We Getting Our Share of the Best?” (Simpson), 171
The Dumbest Generation (Bauerlein), 167–68
“The Dumbest Generation? Don’t Be Dumb” (Begley), 168–69
“Is Google Making Us Stupid?” (Carr), 170–71
“Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth,” 169–70
“The New Literacy” (Thompson), 173
Shelved (Chast), 174
“Your Brain on Video Games” (Johnson), 172
Conversation: Exporting American Pop Culture
entering the conversation, 874–75
making connections, 874
readings
“Besieged by ‘Friends’” (Havrilesky), 860–61
“The Case for Contamination” (Appiah), 864–68
“Cultural Hegemony: Who’s Dominating Whom?” (Straughan), 862–63
“The Perils of Soft Power” (Joffe), 868–71
“The Revolution Is U.S.” (Friedman), 855–59
Slovakian Soccer Fan at 2010 World Cup in South Africa (Ammar), 873
“The U.S. Can Reclaim ‘Smart Power’” (Nye), 871–73
student writing: “Rhetorical Analysis” (LeMeur), 875–78
Conversation: The Individual’s Responsibility to the Community
entering the conversation, 379
making connections, 378–79
readings
“The Gospel of Wealth” (Carnegie), 361–63
“The Happy Life” (Russell), 363–65
“Lifeboat Ethics” (Hardin), 365–69
“Negative Reaction to Charity Campaign” (Der Spiegel Online), 377–78
“The Singer Solution to World Poverty” (Singer), 369–74
“Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, and the Billionaire Challenge” (Christian Science Monitor Editorial Board), 375–77
World Economic Forum (Zapiro), 374–75
Conversation: Mandatory Community Service
readings
“Community Service Mission Statement” (Dalton School), 154–55
“The Effects of ‘Mandatory Volunteerism’ on Intentions to Volunteer” (Stukas et al.), 158
Millennials Rising (Howe and Strauss), 153–54
“‘Resume Padding’ Prevalent in College-Bound Students Who Volunteer,” 157
“Volunteering Opens Teen’s Eyes to Nursing” (Detroit News), 156
“Youth Attitudes toward Civic Education and Community Service Requirements” (Lopez), 158–59
writing a synthesis essay
citing sources, 164
formulating your position, 161–62
framing quotations, 162–63
identifying the issues, 160–61
integrating quotations, 163–64
sample synthesis essay, 164–66
Conversation: Materialism in American Culture
entering the conversation, 500–501
making connections, 500
readings
“The Dependence Effect” (Galbraith), 478–81
“Economy” (Thoreau), 474–77
“Forbes Price Index of Luxury Goods Keeps Pace with Inflation” (DeCarlo), 498–500
“In Praise of Chain Stores” (Postrel), 495–98
“The New Consumerism” (Schor), 487–90
“Shop-happy” (Smith), 490–95
“Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today” (Rose), 482–84
“Waste” (Berry), 484–87
student writing: “Rhetorical Analysis of ‘Dumpster Diving’” (Ellis)
draft, 501–3
revision, 504–6
Conversation: Paying College Athletes
entering the conversation, 685–86
making connections, 684–85
readings
“As Colleges’ Greed Grows, So Does the Hypocrisy” (Wilbon), 678–81
“Despite Criticism, NCAA Takes a Firm Stance on Professionalism” (Weiberg), 681–83
I’m Glad We Won . . . (Drucker), 672–73
“My Priceless Opportunity” (Walton), 677–78
“Pay Dirt: College Athletes Deserve the Same Rights as Other Students” (Deford), 673–74
“Serfs of the Turf” (Lewis), 674–77
“Why Students Aren’t Paid to Play” (National Collegiate Athletic Association), 683–84
student writing: “Rhetorical Analysis of Paired Texts” (Suarez), 686–91
Conversation: Sustainable Eating
entering the conversation, 987
making connections, 986–87
readings
“The American Table and “The Global Table” (Foer), 967–72
“The Carnivore’s Dilemma” (Niman), 973–76
“Farm to Table: How Our Restaurant Gets Its Food to Your Plate” (Jacobs), 980–82
“A Good Food Manifesto for America” (Allen), 976–80
Hungry Planet (Menzel), 958–62
“The Locavore Myth” (McWilliams), 965–67
“A Naturalist in the Supermarket” (Pollan), 962–65
“Test-Tube Burgers” (Specter), 982–86
student writing: “Hard to Swallow” (Hazel), 988–91
coordinating conjunctions, 74
Copeland, Martin, “Fraternities and Sororities”
draft, 380–81
revision, 381–83
“Corn-Pone Opinions” (Twain), 799–804
counterarguments
counterargument thesis statements, 96–97
defined, 36
logos and, 11–12
“Crackberry Congress” (Marcus), 16–17
Crawford, Matthew B., “The Case for Working with Your Hands,” 449–60
“Cruelest Sport, The” (Oates), 622–31
Crumb, Robert, A Short History of America, 953–54
“Cultural Hegemony: Who’s Dominating Whom?” (Straughan), 862–63
Cummins, Jim, The Effects of Bilingualism, 754–55
cumulative sentences
analyzing syntax and, 47
definition, 79
rhetorical uses of, 992–93
current events, 104–5
“C Word in the Hallways, The” (Quindlen), 91–92
Dalton School, “Community Service Mission Statement,” 154–55
dashes, 270–71
“Death of the Moth, The” (Woolf), 56–58
DeCarlo, Scott, “Forbes Price Index of Luxury Goods Keeps Pace with Inflation,” 498–500
“Declaration of Independence, The” (Jefferson), 120–23
“Declaration of Sentiments, The” (Stanton), 123–25
declarative sentences, 73, 74
deduction
combining with induction, 120–25
definition, 141
overview, 119–20
“Defense of Native American Religion” (Red Jacket), 1097–1100
Deford, Frank, “Pay Dirt: College Athletes Deserve the Same Rights as Other Students,” 673–74
Demby, Tamar, “Alarmist or Alarming Rhetoric?”, 28
Denby, David, “High-School Confidential: Notes on Teen Movies,” 819–24
“Dependence Effect, The” (Galbraith), 478–81
dependent clauses
overview, 1124–25
punctuation with, 1125–26
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 1126–27
“Depictions of Guernica,” 1088–90. See also Guernica (Picasso)
Der Spiegel Online, “Negative Reaction to Charity Campaign,” 377–78
“Despite Criticism, NCAA Takes a Firm Stance on Professionalism” (Weiberg), 681–83
“Destruction of Culture, The” (Hedges), 1041–48
Detroit News, “Volunteering Opens Teen’s Eyes to Nursing,” 156
diction
as clue to tone, 40
exercises, 783–84
nominalization, 781–82
questioning the text and, 46–47
showy vocabulary, 782–83
Didion, Joan, “The Santa Ana Winds,” 49–51
direct verbs, 692–93
Dodge Durango ad, 66–67
Domini, Amy, “Why Investing in Fast Food May Be a Good Thing,” 83–85
Drucker, Boris, I’m Glad We Won . . . , 672–73
Dubner, Stephen J., “What the Bagel Man Saw” (with Levitt), 443–49
Dumas, Firoozeh, “The ‘F Word,’” 738–42
Dumbest Generation, The (Bauerlein), 167–68
“Dumbest Generation? Don’t Be Dumb, The” (Begley), 168–69
Early, Gerald L., A Level Playing Field: African American Athletes and the Republic of Sports, 147–48
Ebert, Roger, Star Wars, 88–91
economy
Conversation (see Conversation: Materialism in American Culture)
introduction, 393
readings
“The Atlanta Exposition Address” (Washington), 417–21
“The Case for Working with Your Hands” (Crawford), 449–60
The Great GAPsby Society (Parker), 471–72
“How to Restore the American Dream” (Zakaria), 460–69
“In the Strawberry Fields” (Schlosser), 431–43
“A Modest Proposal” (Swift), 404–12
“On Dumpster Diving” (Eighner), 421–31
“The Roots of Honor” (Ruskin), 413–17
“Serving in Florida” (Ehrenreich), 394–403
This Modern World: A “Handy” Guide to the Housing Market (Tomorrow), 472–73
“To Be of Use” (Piercy), 469–70
“What the Bagel Man Saw” (Dubner and Levitt), 443–49
suggestions for writing, 512–15
“Economy” (Thoreau), 474–77
education
Conversation (see Conversation: The American High School)
introduction, 175
readings
“Best in Class” (Talbot), 223–32
“Education” (Emerson), 189–96
“Eleven” (Cisneros), 239–42
“I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read” (Prose), 176–88
“Me Talk Pretty One Day” (Sedaris), 218–22
“School” (Mori), 204–15
The Spirit of Education (Rockwell), 242–43
“Superman and Me” (Alexie), 215–18
“A Talk to Teachers” (Baldwin), 197–203
“This Is Water” (Wallace), 233–39
What I Learned (Chast), 243–47
suggestions for writing, 276–78
“Education” (Emerson), 189–96
effective and ineffective rhetoric, 23–27
Effects of Bilingualism, The (Cummins), 754–55
“Effects of ‘Mandatory Volunteerism’ on Intentions to Volunteer, The” (Stukas et al.), 158
Ehrenreich, Barbara, “Serving in Florida,” 394–403
Ehrlich, Gretel, “About Men,” 570–73
Eighner, Lars, “On Dumpster Diving,” 421–31
Einstein, Albert, 5–6
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 17–18
either/or fallacy (false dilemma), 100, 141
“Eleven” (Cisneros), 239–42
Elizabeth I, “Speech to the Troops at Tillbury,” 40–43
Ellis, Jonathan, “Rhetorical Analysis of ‘Dumpster Diving’”
draft, 501–3
revision, 504–6
Ellison, Ralph, “On Bird, Bird-Watching and Jazz,” 45–46, 48
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
“Education,” 189–96
“Nature,” 897–905
“Emily Dickinson and Elvis Presley in Heaven” (Ostrom), 850–51
“Empire Fights Back, The” (Achebe), 1111–14
End of Nature, The (McKibben), 918–27
environment
Conversation (see Conversation: Sustainable Eating)
introduction, 887
readings
“The Clan of One-Breasted Women” (Williams), 927–34
The End of Nature (McKibben), 918–27
The Future of Life (Wilson), 945–51
“Inversnaid” (Hopkins), 952–53
“The Land Ethic” (Leopold), 906–14
Let’s Go (Royal Dutch/Shell), 955–57
“Natural Man” (Thomas), 915–18
“Nature” (Emerson), 897–905
“Save the Whales, Screw the Shrimp” (Williams), 935–45
A Short History of America (Crumb), 953–54
Silent Spring (Carson), 888–96
suggestions for writing, 1001–3
ethos
automatic, 8–9
building, 9–10
combining with logos and pathos, 18–20
defined, 36
overview, 7–8
evidence, presenting
first-hand evidence, 101–5, 141
logical fallacies, 99–101, 103, 106–7, 108, 109
quantitative evidence, 108, 142
relevant, accurate, and sufficient evidence, 98
second-hand evidence, 105–8
“Evolutionary Social Psychology of Off-Record Indirect Speech Acts, The” (Pinker), 150–52
“Ex-Basketball Player” (Updike), 665–67
exordium (introduction), in classical oration, 112
expert opinion, 107
“Facebook Friendonomics” (Brown), 342–44
fact, claims of, 87, 141
fallacies, logical, 99–101, 103, 106–9, 140–42
false authority, appeal to, 108, 140
false dilemma (either/or fallacy), 100, 141
“Family That Stretches (Together), The” (Goodman), 314–16
Fanon, Frantz, “Concerning Violence,” 1106–8
“Farewell Speech” (Gehrig), 2–3
“Farm to Table: How Our Restaurant Gets Its Food to Your Plate” (Jacobs), 980–82
Faulkner, William, “An Innocent at Rinkside,” 619–22
faulty analogy, 99–100, 141
Federal Highway Administration, 29
“Felons and the Right to Vote” (New York Times Editorial Board), 93–94
Ferdinand, King, “The Requerimiento,” 1096–97
figures of speech
analyzing diction and, 47
Kennedy’s use of, 72
first-hand evidence, 101–5, 141
Foer, Jonathan Safran, “The American Table and “The Global Table,” 967–72
“Forbes Price Index of Luxury Goods Keeps Pace with Inflation” (DeCarlo), 498–500
“For Mohammed Zeid of Gaza, Age 15” (Nye), 749–51
“Four Horsemen, The” (Rice), 610–16
“Four or Five Guys Pretty Much Carry Whole Renaissance” (The Onion), 875–78
fragments, sentence, 507–8
Franklin, Benjamin, “The Speech of Miss Polly Baker,” 532–35
“Fraternities and Sororities” (Copeland)
draft, 380–81
revision, 381–83
Freedom from Want (Rockwell), 356–57
Friedman, Thomas L., “The Revolution Is U.S.,” 855–59
The Future of Life (Wilson), 945–51
“‘F Word,’ The” (Dumas), 738–42
Galbraith, John Kenneth, “The Dependence Effect,” 478–81
Gehrig, Lou, “Farewell Speech,” 2–3
gender
Conversation (see Conversation: Defining Masculinity)
introduction, 517
readings
“Are Women Really More Talkative Than Men?” (Mehl et al.), 557–61
“Barbie Doll” (Piercy), 561–62
Chancellor Séguier at the Entry of Louis XIV into Paris in 1660 (Le Brun) and The Chancellor Séguier on Horseback (Wiley), 562–65
“I Want a Wife” (Brady), 539–41
“Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space” (Staples), 541–46
“Letters” (Adams and Adams), 535–39
“The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named María” (Cofer), 546–51
“Professions for Women” (Woolf), 525–31
“The Speech of Miss Polly Baker” (Franklin), 532–35
“Women’s Brains” (Gould), 518–24
suggestions for writing, 588–90
generalizations
hasty, 100, 103, 141
in inductive reasoning, 116
George VI, 8–9
“Gettysburg Address, The” (Lincoln), 1035–36
Giffords, Gabrielle, 82
Girl Scouts ad, 68
Gitlin, Todd, “The Liberal Arts in an Age of Info-Glut,” 251–53
Givhan, Robin, “An Image a Little Too Carefully Coordinated,” 825–27
Gladwell, Malcolm,
“Offensive Play: How Different Are Dogfighting and Football?,” 643–58
Outliers, 117–19
“Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted,” 344–54
“Good Food Manifesto for America, A” (Allen), 976–80
Goodman, Ellen, “The Family That Stretches (Together), 314–16
“Gospel of Wealth, The” (Carnegie), 361–63
Gould, Stephen Jay, “Women’s Brains,” 518–24
graphic organizers, 51–54
“Great Game, The” (Alexander), 660–65
Great GAPsby Society, The (Parker), 471–72
Guernica (Picasso), 1087–88. See also “Depictions of Guernica”
Hanushek, Eric A., et al., “U.S. Math Performance in Global Perspective,” 260–63
“Happy Life, The” (Russell), 363–65
Hardin, Garrett, “Lifeboat Ethics,” 365–69
“Hard to Swallow” (Hazel), 988–91
Harris, Daniel, “Celebrity Bodies,” 838–46
hasty generalizations, 100, 103, 141
Hate Speech: The History of an American Controversy (Walker), 106
Havrilesky, Heather, “Besieged by ‘Friends,’” 860–61
Hazel, Ali, “Hard to Swallow,” 988–91
“Health and Happiness” (Putnam), 323–36
Hedges, Chris, “The Destruction of Culture,” 1041–48
Herblock, Transported, 35
Heroes stamp, 137
“High-School Confidential: Notes on Teen Movies” (Denby), 819–24
Hillenbrand, Laura, Seabiscuit, 146–47
“Hip Hop Planet” (McBride), 788–98
historical information, 105–6
“Home at Last” (Mengestu), 337–42
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, “Inversnaid,” 952–53
hortative sentences, 73, 74, 79
Howe, Neil, Millennials Rising (with Strauss), 153–54
“How to Detect Propaganda” (Institute for Propaganda Analysis), 756–61
“How to Restore the American Dream” (Zakaria), 460–69
“How to Tame a Wild Tongue” (Anzaldúa), 725–35
humor, 15–17
Hungry Planet (Menzel), 958–62
hyperbole, 47
“If the Japanese Can’t Build a Safe Reactor, Who Can?” (Applebaum), 26–27. See also Demby, “Alarmist or Alarming Rhetoric?”
“I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read” (Prose), 176–88
“An Image a Little Too Carefully Coordinated” (Givhan), 825–27
images. See visual texts
I’m Glad We Won . . . (Drucker), 672–73
imperative sentences, 47, 79
“Inaugural Address” (Kennedy), 69–74. See also Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (U.S. Army Signal Corps); “Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On” (Clift)
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (U.S. Army Signal Corps), 77–78. See also “Inaugural Address” (Kennedy); “Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On” (Clift)
“In College, These American Citizens Are Not Created Equal” (Santiago), 103–4
indefinite pronouns, 584
independent clauses
overview, 1124–25
punctuation with, 1125–26
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 1126–27
induction
combining with deduction, 120–25
defined, 142
overview, 116–19
“In Event of Moon Disaster” (Safire), 33
“An Innocent at Rinkside” (Faulkner), 619–22
The Innocent Eye Test (Tansey), 853–54
“In Plain English: Let’s Make It Official” (Krauthammer), 742–45
“In Praise of Chain Stores” (Postrel), 495–98
“Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On” (Clift), 74–77. See also “Inaugural Address” (Kennedy); Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (U.S. Army Signal Corps)
Institute for Propaganda Analysis, “How to Detect Propaganda,” 756–61
insufficiency, fallacies of, 100–101
“In the Strawberry Fields” (Schlosser), 431–43
introduction (exordium) in classical oration, 112
inversion, 79
“Inversnaid” (Hopkins), 952–53
inverted sentences, 995
“In Which the Ancient History I Learn Is Not My Own” (Boland), 1108–11
“Is Google Making Us Stupid?” (Carr), 170–71
“-Ism Schism: How Much Wallop Can a Simple Word Pack?, The” (Nunberg), 768–70
Ito, Mizuko, et al., “Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project,” 169–70
“I Want a Wife” (Brady), 539–41
Jacobs, A. J., “Farm to Table: How Our Restaurant Gets Its Food to Your Plate,” 980–82
Jefferson, Thomas, “The Declaration of Independence,” 120–23
Joffe, Josef, “The Perils of Soft Power,” 868–71
Johnson, Steven
“Watching TV Makes You Smarter,” 827–38
“Your Brain on Video Games,” 172
“July 16, 1969, Launch: A Symbol of Man’s Greatness, The” (Rand), 33–35
“Just a Little Princess” (Orenstein), 107
“Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space” (Staples), 541–46
juxtaposition, 47, 79
Kakutani, Michiko, “The Word Police,” 761–66
Kennedy, John F., “Inaugural Address,” 69–74. See also Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (U.S. Army Signal Corps); “Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On” (Clift)
Kincaid, Jamaica, “On Seeing England for the First Time,” 1006–15
King, Martin Luther, Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 280–95
“King Coal: Reigning in China” (Will), 12–13
Koren, Edward, Two Scoreboards, 256
Kosterman, Chuck, “My Zombie, Myself: Why Modern Life Feels Rather Undead,” 846–50
Krauthammer, Charles
“In Plain English: Let’s Make It Official,” 742–45
“The 9/11 ‘Overreaction’? Nonsense,” 106
“Land Ethic, The” (Leopold), 906–14
language
Conversation (see Conversation: American Politics and the English Language)
introduction, 699
readings
“Always Living in Spanish” (Agosín), 735–38
The Effects of Bilingualism (Cummins), 754–55
“For Mohammed Zeid of Gaza, Age 15” and “Why I Could Not Accept Your Invitation” (Nye), 749–51
“The ‘F Word’” (Dumas), 738–42
“How to Tame a Wild Tongue” (Anzaldúa), 725–35
“In Plain English: Let’s Make It Official” (Krauthammer), 742–45
“Language Use in the United States” (U.S. Census Bureau), 751–54
“Mother Tongue” (Tan), 700–706
“Politics and the English Language” (Orwell), 707–19
“Slang in America” (Whitman), 720–24
“Words Don’t Mean What They Mean” (Pinker), 745–49
suggestions for writing, 784–86
“Language Use in the United States” (U.S. Census Bureau), 751–54
Last Thanksgiving, The (Chast), 358–59
Le Brun, Charles, Chancellor Séguier at the Entry of Louis XIV into Paris in 1660, 562–65
LeMeur, Camille, “Rhetorical Analysis,” 875–78
Leopold, Aldo, “The Land Ethic,” 906–14
Lester, Mike, NCAA Native American Mascots, 767–68
Let’s Go (Royal Dutch/Shell), 955–57
“Let Teenagers Try Adulthood” (Botstein), 254–56
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), 280–95
“Letters” (Adams and Adams), 535–39
“Letters to the Editor in Response to ‘The War of the Words,’” 773–74
“Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain” (Columbus), 1091–96
“Letter to Warner Brothers” (Marx), 58–63
A Level Playing Field: African American Athletes and the Republic of Sports (Early), 147–48
Levitt, Steven D., “What the Bagel Man Saw” (with Dubner), 443–49
Lewis, Michael, “Serfs of the Turf,” 674–77
“Liberal Arts in an Age of Info-Glut, The” (Gitlin), 251–53
“Lifeboat Ethics” (Hardin), 365–69
Lincoln, Abraham, “The Gettysburg Address,” 1035–36
“Living and Learning with New Media: Summary of Findings from the Digital Youth Project” (Ito et al.), 169–70
“Locavore Myth, The” (McWilliams), 965–67
logical fallacies, 99–101, 103, 106–9, 140–42
logos
combining with ethos and pathos, 18–20
defined, 36
overview, 11–13
Lopez, Mark Hugo, “Youth Attitudes toward Civic Education and Community Service Requirements,” 158–59
Luntz, Frank, Words That Work, 775–77
major premise, 119
Mann, Horace, Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education, 248–51
“Man Takes First Steps on the Moon” (Times), 30–32
Marcus, Ruth, “Crackberry Congress,” 16–17
Marlboro Man (McCombe), 566–67
Marx, Groucho, “Letter to Warner Brothers,” 58–63
McBride, James, “Hip Hop Planet,” 788–98
McCloud, Scott, Show and Tell, 805–18
McCombe, Leonard, Marlboro Man, 566–67
McKibben, Bill, The End of Nature, 918–27
McWilliams, James, “The Locavore Myth,” 965–67
Mehl, Matthias R., et al., “Are Women Really More Talkative Than Men?,” 557–61
Mengestu, Dinaw, “Home at Last,” 337–42
Menzel, Peter, Hungry Planet, 958–62
“Me Talk Pretty One Day” (Sedaris), 218–22
metaphors, 47, 72, 79
Millennials Rising (Howe and Strauss), 153–54
“Mind over Muscle” (Brooks), 577–79
minor premise, 119
“Modest Proposal, A” (Swift), 404–12
modifiers
cautions, 880–81
exercises, 881–83
overview, 878–79
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 879–80
Morales, Aurora Levins, “Child of the Americas,” 354–55
Mori, Kyoko, “School,” 204–15
Morrison, Toni, 18–20
“Mother Tongue” (Tan), 700–706
“My Priceless Opportunity” (Walton), 677–78
“Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named María, The” (Cofer), 9–10, 546–51
“My Three Englishes” (Nikaein), 779–81
Myths (Warhol), 851–53
“My Zombie, Myself: Why Modern Life Feels Rather Undead” (Klosterman), 846–50
narratio (narration), in classical oration, 112
National Collegiate Athletic Association, “Why Students Aren’t Paid to Play,” 683–84
National Park Service, Christiansted: Official Map and Guide, 1115–17
“Naturalist in the Supermarket, A” (Pollan), 962–65
“Natural Man” (Thomas), 915–18
“Nature” (Emerson), 897–905
NCAA Native American Mascots (Lester), 767–68
“Negative Reaction to Charity Campaign” (Der Spiegel Online), 377–78
“New Consumerism, The” (Schor), 487–90
“New Literacy, The” (Thompson), 173
New York Times Editorial Board, “Felons and the Right to Vote,” 93–94
New York World, The Twelfth Player in Every Football Game, 667–69
Nikaein, Nazanin, “My Three Englishes,” 779–81
Niman, Nicolette Hahn, “The Carnivore’s Dilemma,” 973–76
Nissan Motor Company, The Black Experience Is Everywhere, 359–60
Nixon, Richard, “Checkers Speech, The” 13–14
nominalization, 781–82
nonrestrictive clauses, 1125
“Nonviolent Language” (North York Women Teachers’ Association), 766–67
North York Women Teachers’ Association, “Nonviolent Language,” 766–67
“Not By Math Alone” (O’Connor and Romer), 112–15
nouns
nominalization, 781–82
position of appositives with, 271
number, pronoun, 583–84
Nunberg, Geoffrey, “The -Ism Schism: How Much Wallop Can a Simple Word Pack?,” 768–70
Nye, Joseph S., Jr., “The U.S. Can Reclaim ‘Smart Power,’” 871–73
Nye, Naomi Shihab, “Why I Could Not Accept Your Invitation” and “For Mohammed Zeid of Gaza, Age 15,” 749–51
Oates, Joyce Carol, “The Cruelest Sport,” 622–31
occasion
defined, 37
rhetorical situation and, 3
SOAPS checklist and, 5–7
O’Connor, Sandra Day, “Not By Math Alone” (with Romer), 112–15
“Offensive Play: How Different Are Dogfighting and Football?” (Gladwell), 643–58
Okrent, Daniel, “The War of the Words: A Dispatch from the Front Lines,” 770–74
Oladipo, Jessie, “Why Can’t Environmentalism Be Colorblind?,” 101–3
“On Bird, Bird-Watching and Jazz” (Ellison), 45–46, 48
“On Dumpster Diving” (Eighner), 421–31
The Onion, “Four or Five Guys Pretty Much Carry Whole Renaissance,” 875–78
“On Laziness” (Morley), 64–65
“On Seeing England for the First Time” (Kincaid), 1006–15
“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” (Thoreau), 1016–34
open thesis statements, 96, 142
oration, classical, 111–15
Orenstein, Peggy, “Just a Little Princess,” 107
Orwell, George
“Politics and the English Language,” 707–19
“Shooting an Elephant,” 1100–1106
Ostrom, Hans, “Emily Dickinson and Elvis Presley in Heaven,” 850–51
Outliers (Gladwell), 117–19
oxymoron, 79
pacing, 47
“Paradox of Power, The” (Berlinger), 1119–23
paragraph length, 72
parallel structures
absence of, 385–86
analyzing syntax and, 47
examples: words, phrases, and clauses, 384–85
exercises, 388–90
Kennedy’s use of, 73, 74, 79
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 386–88
Parker, Jeff, The Great GAPsby Society, 471–72
Parks, Rosa, 21–22
Partly Cloudy Patriot, The (Vowell), 1057–66
pathos
combining with ethos and logos, 18–20
defined, 37
humor and, 15–17
images and, 14–15
overview, 13–14
“Pay Dirt: College Athletes Deserve the Same Rights as Other Students” (Deford), 673–74
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), 25
“Perils of Soft Power, The” (Joffe), 868–71
periodic sentences
analyzing syntax and, 47
definition, 80
rhetorical uses of, 993–94
peroratio (conclusion), in classical oration, 112
persona, 4, 37
personal experience, 101–3
personification
analyzing diction and, 47
definition, 80
Kennedy’s use of, 72
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), 25
Picasso, Pablo, Guernica, 1087–1088. See also “Depictions of Guernica”
Piercy, Marge
“Barbie Doll,” 561–62
“To Be of Use,” 469–70
Pinker, Steven
“The Evolutionary Social Psychology of Off-Record Indirect Speech Acts,” 150–52
The Stuff of Thought, 149–50
“Words Don’t Mean What They Mean,” 149, 745–49
polemic, 37
policy, claims of, 91–92, 141
politics
Conversation (see Conversation: Colonialism)
introduction, 1005
readings
“The Apology: Letters from a Terrorist” (Blumenfeld), 1048–56
“Depictions of Guernica,” 1088–90
“The Destruction of Culture” (Hedges), 1041–48
“The Gettysburg Address” (Lincoln), 1035–36
Guernica (Picasso), 1087–88
“On Seeing England for the First Time” (Kincaid), 1006–15
“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” (Thoreau), 1016–34
“On the Rainy River” (O’Brien), 1074–87
The Partly Cloudy Patriot (Vowell), 1057–66
“Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid” (Woolf), 1036–40
“The Veil” (Satrapi), 1066–74
suggestions for writing, 1130–33
“Politics and the English Language” (Orwell), 707–19
Pollan, Michael, “A Naturalist in the Supermarket,” 962–65
popular culture
Conversation (see Conversation: Exporting American Pop Culture)
introduction, 787
readings
“Celebrity Bodies” (Harris), 838–46
“Corn-Pone Opinions” (Twain), 799–804
“Emily Dickinson and Elvis Presley in Heaven” (Ostrom), 850–51
“High-School Confidential: Notes on Teen Movies” (Denby), 819–24
“Hip Hop Planet” (McBride), 788–98
“An Image a Little Too Carefully Coordinated” (Givhan), 825–27
The Innocent Eye Test (Tansey), 853–54
Myths (Warhol), 851–53
“My Zombie, Myself: Why Modern Life Feels Rather Undead” (Klosterman), 846–50
Show and Tell (McCloud), 805–18
“Watching TV Makes You Smarter” (Johnson), 827–38
suggestions for writing, 884–85
post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy, 106–7, 142
Postrel, Virginia, “In Praise of Chain Stores,” 495–98
precise verbs, 693
premise, in deductive reasoning, 119
Pride and Prejudice (Austen), 23–25
“Professions for Women” (Woolf), 525–31
pronouns
consistency: viewpoint and number, 583–84
exercises, 586–88
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 585–86
sexist usage, 584–85
propaganda, 37
“Proper Place for Sports, The” (Roosevelt), 617–19
propositions. See claims
Prose, Francine, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read,” 176–88
punctuation
appositives and, 270–71
in complex sentences, 1125–26
sentence patterns and, 995
purpose
defined, 37
rhetorical situation and, 3
SOAPS checklist and, 5–7
Putnam, Robert D., “Health and Happiness,” 323–36
“Putting Down the Gun” (Walker), 573–75
qualifier, in Toulmin model, 126–27, 142
quantitative evidence, 108, 142
question, begging the, 140
questions, asking, 44–48
Quindlen, Anna, “The C Word in the Hallways,” 91–92
quotations
framing, 162–63
integrating, 163–64
Rand, Ayn, “The July 16, 1969, Launch: A Symbol of Man’s Greatness,” 33–35
Rat Race, 132–35
Ravitch, Diane, “Stop the Madness,” 257–60
reading. See close reading
reason, subordinating conjunctions indicating, 1124
rebuttal, in Toulmin model, 126–27, 142
red herring fallacy, 99
Red Jacket, “Defense of Native American Religion,” 1097–1100
refutation
in classical oration (refutatio), 112
defined, 37
logos and, 11–12
Reilly, Rick, “Why I Love My Job,” 658–60
relevance
of evidence, 98
fallacies of, 99–100
Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education (Mann), 248–51
“Requerimiento, The” (King Ferdinand), 1096–1097
reservation, in Toulmin model, 126–27, 142
restrictive clauses, 1125
“‘Resume Padding’ Prevalent in College-Bound Students Who Volunteer” (Chaptman), 157
“Revolution Is U.S., The” (Friedman), 855–59
rhetoric
analysis of visual texts, 21–23
appeals to ethos, logos, pathos
combining ethos, logos, and pathos, 18–20
ethos, 8–10
logos, 11–13
pathos, 13–17
definition, 1, 37
effective and ineffective, 23–27
rhetorical situation
example: Lou Gehrig’s farewell speech, 2–3
occasion, context, and purpose, 3
rhetorical triangle, 3–4
SOAPS checklist, 5–7
“Rhetorical Analysis” (LeMeur), 875–78
“Rhetorical Analysis of ‘Dumpster Diving’” (Ellis)
draft, 501–3
revision, 504–6
“Rhetorical Analysis of Paired Texts” (Suarez), 686–91
rhetorical questions, 73, 74, 80
rhetorical situation
example: Lou Gehrig’s farewell speech, 2–3
occasion, context, and purpose, 3
rhetorical triangle, 3–4
SOAPS checklist, 5–7
rhetorical (Aristotelian) triangle, 3–4, 37
Rice, Grantland, “The Four Horsemen,” 610–16
Rockwell, Norman
Freedom from Want, 356–57
The Spirit of Education, 242–43
Rodriguez, Richard, “Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood,” 303–14
Rogerian arguments, 82–83, 142
Romer, Roy, “Not by Math Alone” (with O’Connor), 112–15
Roosevelt, Theodore, “The Proper Place for Sports,” 617–19
“Roots of Honor, The” (Ruskin), 413–17
Rose, Phyllis, “Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today,” 482–84
Royal Dutch/Shell, Let’s Go, 955–57
Ruskin, John, “The Roots of Honor,” 413–17
Russell, Bertrand, “The Happy Life,” 363–65
Safire, William, “In Event of Moon Disaster,” 33
“Santa Ana Winds, The” (Didion), 49–51
Santiago, Fabiola, “In College, These American Citizens Are Not Created Equal,” 103–4
“Save the Whales, Screw the Shrimp” (Williams), 935–45
Schlosser, Eric, “In the Strawberry Fields,” 431–43
“School” (Mori), 204–15
Schor, Juliet, “The New Consumerism,” 487–90
Seabiscuit (Hillenbrand), 146–47
second-hand evidence, 105–8, 142
Sedaris, David, “Me Talk Pretty One Day,” 218–22
sentences
complex (see complex sentences)
length of, 73
sentence fragments, 507–8, 1126
sentence patterns
analyzing syntax and, 47
cumulative sentences, 992–93
exercises, 996–1001
inverted sentences, 995
Kennedy’s use of, 73, 74
overview, 991–92
periodic sentences, 993–94
punctuation with, 995
short simple sentences
definition and examples, 506
exercises, 509–11
using rhetorically, 508–9
“Serfs of the Turf” (Lewis), 674–77
“Serving in Florida” (Ehrenreich), 394–403
sexist pronoun usage, 584–85
“Shanghai Schools’ Approach Pushes Students to Top of Tests” (Barboza), 263–66
Shelved (Chast), 174
“Shooting an Elephant” (Orwell), 1100–1106
“Shop-happy” (Smith), 490–95
“Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today” (Rose), 482–84
A Short History of America (Crumb), 953–54
short simple sentences
definition and examples, 506
exercises, 509–11
using rhetorically, 508–9
Show and Tell (McCloud), 805–18
“Silent Season of a Hero, The” (Talese), 592–609
Silent Spring (Carson), 888–96
similes, 47
simple sentences. See short simple sentences
Simpson, R. Smith, “Are We Getting Our Share of the Best?,” 171
Singer, Peter, “The Singer Solution to World Poverty,” 369–74
“Singer Solution to World Poverty, The” (Singer), 369–74
“Slang in America” (Whitman), 720–24
Slovakian Soccer Fan at 2010 World Cup in South Africa (Ammar), 873
Slow Food Nation (Waters), 11–12
“Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted” (Gladwell), 344–54
Smiley, Jane, “Barbaro, The Heart in the Winner’s Circle,” 641–43
Smith, Joan, “Shop-happy,” 490–95
SOAPS checklist, 5–7, 37
“Sound and the Glory, The” (Anderson), 687–89
sources
citing, 164
student writing: incorporating sources into a revision, 380–83
synthesizing (see synthesis essays)
speaker
defined, 38
in rhetorical triangle, 3–4
SOAPS checklist and, 5–7
“Spectator’s Notebook, A” (Vervaecke), 631–40
Specter, Michael, “Test-Tube Burgers,” 982–86
“Speech of Miss Polly Baker, The” (Franklin), 532–35
“Speech to the Troops at Tillbury” (Elizabeth I), 40–43
Spirit of Education, The (Rockwell), 242–43
sports
Conversation (see Conversation: Paying College Athletes)
introduction, 591
readings
“Barbaro, The Heart in the Winner’s Circle” (Smiley), 641–43
“The Cruelest Sport” (Oates), 622–31
“Ex-Basketball Player” (Updike), 665–67
“The Four Horsemen” (Rice), 610–16
“The Great Game” (Alexander), 660–65
“An Innocent at Rinkside” (Faulkner), 619–22
“Offensive Play: How Different Are Dogfighting and Football?” (Gladwell), 643–58
“The Proper Place for Sports” (Roosevelt), 617–19
“The Silent Season of a Hero” (Talese), 592–609
“A Spectator’s Notebook” (Vervaecke), 631–40
The Twelfth Player in Every Football Game (New York World), 667–69
“Why I Love My Job” (Reilly), 658–60
Yes! (Sports Illustrated), 669–70
suggestions for writing, 696–98
Sports Illustrated, Yes!, 669–70
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, “The Declaration of Sentiments,” 123–25
Staples, Brent, “Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space,” 541–46
“Star Wars,” review of (Ebert), 88–91
Steerage, The (Stieglitz), 135–36
Stieglitz, Alfred, The Steerage, 135–36
“Stop the Madness” (Ravitch), 257–60
Stotsky, Sandra, “Why Johnny Won’t Read” (with Bauerlein), 575–77
Straughan, Deirdre, “Cultural Hegemony: Who’s Dominating Whom?,” 862–63
Strauss, William, Millennials Rising (with Howe), 153–54
straw man fallacy, 100, 142–43
Stuff of Thought, The (Pinker), 149–50
Stukas, Arthur, et al., “The Effects of ‘Mandatory Volunteerism’ on Intentions to Volunteer,” 158
style, analyzing
activity: “Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat” (Churchill), 43–44
model analysis: “Speech to the Troops at Tillbury” (Elizabeth I), 40–43
Suarez, Daniela, “Rhetorical Analysis of Paired Texts,” 686–91
subject
defined, 38
in rhetorical triangle, 4
SOAPS checklist and, 5–7
subordination
exercises, 1127–30
overview, 1124–25
punctuation with, 1125–26
rhetorical and stylistic strategy, 1126–27
sufficient arguments, 100–101
sufficient evidence, 98
“Superman and Me” (Alexie), 215–18
Swift, Jonathan, “A Modest Proposal,” 404–12
syllogisms, 119, 143
synecdoche, 80
syntax
as clue to tone, 40
questioning the text and, 46–47
synthesis essays
Conversation (see Conversation: Mandatory Community Service)
culminating conversation (see Conversation: The Dumbest Generation?)
introduction, 145–46
using sources to appeal to an audience, 148–52
using sources to inform an argument, 146–48
writing a synthesis essay
citing sources, 164
formulating position, 161–62
framing quotations, 162–63
identifying the issues, 160–61
integrating quotations, 163–64
sample synthesis essay, 164–66
Talbot, Margaret, “Best in Class,” 223–32
Talese, Gay, “The Silent Season of a Hero,” 592–609
“Talk to High School Teachers, A” (Wilchek), 267–69
“Talk to Teachers, A” (Baldwin), 197–203
Tan, Amy, “Mother Tongue,” 700–706
Tannen, Deborah, “There Is No Unmarked Woman,” 552–57
Tannenbaum, Brian, “Coeducational Schools,” 581–83
Tansey, Mark, The Innocent Eye Test, 853–54
“Terror’s Purse Strings” (Thomas), 109–11
“Test-Tube Burgers” (Specter), 982–86
texts, 1, 38
“There Is No Unmarked Woman” (Tannen), 552–57
Theroux, Paul, “Being a Man,” 567–70
thesis statements
for close analysis essays, 61–62
closed thesis statements, 95–96, 141
counterargument thesis statements, 96–97
open thesis statements, 96, 142
“This Is Water” (Wallace), 233–39
This Modern World: A “Handy” Guide to the Housing Market (Tomorrow), 472–73
Thomas, Dana, “Terror’s Purse Strings,” 109–11
Thomas, Lewis, “Natural Man,” 915–18
Thompson, Clive, “The New Literacy,” 173
Thoreau, Henry David
“Economy,” 474–77
“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience,” 1016–34
“Where I Lived, and What I Lived For,” 296–302
time, subordinating conjunctions indicating, 1125
“To Be of Use” (Piercy), 469–70
Toles, Tom, 21–22, 82, 138
Tomorrow, Tom, This Modern World: A “Handy” Guide to the Housing Market, 472–73
Toulmin, Stephen, The Uses of Argument, 126
Toulmin model, 126–31, 143
transitional words, 74
Transported (Herblock), 35
Twain, Mark, “Corn-Pone Opinions,” 799–804
The Twelfth Player in Every Football Game (New York World), 667–69
Two Scoreboards (Koren), 256
Updike, John, “Ex-Basketball Player,” 665–67
U.S. Army Signal Corps, Inauguration of John F. Kennedy, 77–78. See also “Inaugural Address” (Kennedy); “Inside Kennedy’s Inauguration, 50 Years On” (Clift)
“U.S. Can Reclaim ‘Smart Power,’ The” (Nye), 871–73
U.S. Census Bureau, “Language Use in the United States,” 751–54
Uses of Argument, The (Toulmin), 126
“U.S. Math Performance in Global Perspective” (Hanushek et al.), 260–63
value, claims of, 87–91, 141
“Veil, The” (Satrapi), 1066–74
verbs
effective
active verbs, 693–94
direct verbs, 692–93
exercises, 694–96
overview, 691–92
precise verbs, 693
nominalization of, 781–82
Vervaecke, Kris, “A Spectator’s Notebook,” 631–40
viewpoint, pronoun, 583–84
visual texts
analyzing as arguments, 131–37
appeals to pathos and, 14–15
close reading
activity: Girl Scouts ad, 68
example: Dodge Durango ad, 65–67
rhetorical analysis of, 21–23
vocabulary, showy, 782–83
“Volunteering Opens Teen’s Eyes to Nursing” (Detroit News), 156
Vowell, Sarah, The Partly Cloudy Patriot, 1057–66
Walker, Rebecca, “Putting Down the Gun,” 573–75
Walker, Samuel, Hate Speech: The History of an American Controversy, 106
“Walking the Path between Worlds” (Alvord), 316–23
Wallace, David Foster, “This Is Water,” 233–39
Walton, Bill, “My Priceless Opportunity,” 677–78
Warhol, Andy, Myths, 851–53
“War of the Words: A Dispatch from the Front Lines, The” (Okrent), 770–74
warrant (assumption), in Toulmin model, 126–28, 130, 143
“Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, and the Billionaire Challenge” (Christian Science Monitor Editorial Board), 375–77
Washington, Booker T., “The Atlanta Exposition Address,” 417–21
“Waste” (Berry), 484–87
“Watching TV Makes You Smarter” (Johnson), 827–38
Waters, Alice, Slow Food Nation, 11–12
Weiberg, Steve, “Despite Criticism, NCAA Takes a Firm Stance on Professionalism,” 681–83
What I Learned (Chast), 243–47
“What the Bagel Man Saw” (Dubner and Levitt), 443–49
“When Will We Learn?” (Zakaria), 105
“Where I Lived, and What I Lived For” (Thoreau), 296–302
Whitman, Walt, “Slang in America,” 720–24
“Why Can’t Environmentalism Be Colorblind?” (Oladipo), 101–3
“Why I Could Not Accept Your Invitation” (Nye), 749–51
“Why I Love My Job” (Reilly), 658–60
“Why Investing in Fast Food May Be a Good Thing” (Domini), 83–85
“Why Johnny Won’t Read” (Bauerlein and Stotsky), 575–77
“Why Students Aren’t Paid to Play” (National Collegiate Athletic Association), 683–84
Wilbon, Michael, “As Colleges’ Greed Grows, So Does the Hypocrisy,” 678–81
Wilchek, Tyler, “A Talk to High School Teachers,” 267–69
Wiley, Kehinde, The Chancellor Séguier on Horseback, 562–65
Will, George, “King Coal: Reigning in China,” 12–13
Williams, Joy, “Save the Whales, Screw the Shrimp,” 935–45
Williams, Terry Tempest, “The Clan of One-Breasted Women,” 927–34
Wilson, E. O., The Future of Life, 945–51
“Women’s Brains” (Gould), 518–24
Woolf, Virginia
“The Death of the Moth,” 56–58
“Professions for Women,” 525–31
“Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid,” 1036–40
“Word Police, The” (Kakutani), 761–66
“Words Don’t Mean What They Mean” (Pinker), 149, 745–49
Words That Work (Luntz), 775–77
World Economic Forum (Zapiro), 374–75
World Wildlife Fund, 22–23
Yes! (Sports Illustrated), 669–70
“Your Brain on Video Games” (Johnson), 172
“Youth Attitudes toward Civic Education and Community Service Requirements” (Lopez), 158–59
Zakaria, Fareed
“How to Restore the American Dream,” 460–69
“When Will We Learn?”, 105
Zapiro, World Economic Forum, 374–75
zeugma
definition, 54, 80
Kennedy’s use of, 73, 80
parallel structure and, 387–88