FileTitleManuscript Id
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch12_1.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_1_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.1 First Step of Harvesting Energy from Glucose: Glycolysis lodish8e_ch12_2.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_2_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
During Glycolysis (Stage I), Cytosolic Enzymes Convert Glucose to Pyruvate lodish8e_ch12_3.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_3_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Rate of Glycolysis Is Adjusted to Meet the Cell’s Need for ATP lodish8e_ch12_4.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_4_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Glucose Is Fermented When Oxygen Is Scarce lodish8e_ch12_5.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_5_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.1lodish8e_ch12_6.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_6_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.2 The Structure and Functions of Mitochondria lodish8e_ch12_7.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_7_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Are Multifunctional Organelles lodish8e_ch12_8.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_8_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Have Two Structurally and Functionally Distinct Membranes lodish8e_ch12_9.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_9_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Contain DNA Located in the Matrix lodish8e_ch12_10.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_10_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Size, Structure, and Coding Capacity of mtDNA Vary Considerably Among Organisms lodish8e_ch12_11.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_11_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Products of Mitochondrial Genes Are Not Exported lodish8e_ch12_12.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_12_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Evolved from a Single Endosymbiotic Event Involving a Rickettsia-Like Bacterium lodish8e_ch12_13.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_13_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondrial Genetic Codes Differ from the Standard Nuclear Code lodish8e_ch12_14.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_14_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mutations in Mitochondrial DNA Cause Several Genetic Diseases in Humans lodish8e_ch12_15.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_15_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Are Dynamic Organelles That Interact Directly with One Another lodish8e_ch12_16.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_16_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Are Influenced by Direct Contacts with the Endoplasmic Reticulum lodish8e_ch12_17.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_17_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.2lodish8e_ch12_18.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_18_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.3 The Citric Acid Cycle and Fatty Acid Oxidation lodish8e_ch12_19.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_19_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
In the First Part of Stage II, Pyruvate Is Converted to Acetyl CoA and High-Energy Electrons lodish8e_ch12_20.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_20_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
In the Second Part of Stage II, the Citric Acid Cycle Oxidizes the Acetyl Group in Acetyl CoA to CO2 and Generates High-Energy Electrons lodish8e_ch12_21.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_21_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Transporters in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Help Maintain Appropriate Cytosolic and Matrix Concentrations of NAD+ and NADH lodish8e_ch12_22.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_22_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondrial Oxidation of Fatty Acids Generates ATP lodish8e_ch12_23.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_23_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Peroxisomal Oxidation of Fatty Acids Generates No ATP lodish8e_ch12_24.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_24_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.3lodish8e_ch12_25.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_25_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.4 The Electron-Transport Chain and Generation of the Proton-Motive Force lodish8e_ch12_26.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_26_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 Releases a Significant Amount of Energy lodish8e_ch12_27.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_27_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Electron Transport in Mitochondria Is Coupled to Proton Pumping lodish8e_ch12_28.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_28_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Electrons Flow “Downhill” Through a Series of Electron Carriers lodish8e_ch12_29.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_29_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Four Large Multiprotein Complexes Couple Electron Transport to Proton Pumping Across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane lodish8e_ch12_30.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_30_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Reduction Potentials of Electron Carriers in the Electron-Transport Chain Favor Electron Flow from NADH to O2lodish8e_ch12_31.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_31_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Multiprotein Complexes of the Electron-Transport Chain Assemble into Supercomplexes lodish8e_ch12_32.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_32_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Reactive Oxygen Species Are By-Products of Electron Transport lodish8e_ch12_33.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_33_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Experiments Using Purified Electron-Transport Chain Complexes Established the Stoichiometry of Proton Pumping lodish8e_ch12_34.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_34_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Proton-Motive Force in Mitochondria Is Due Largely to a Voltage Gradient Across the Inner Membrane lodish8e_ch12_35.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_35_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.4lodish8e_ch12_36.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_36_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.5 Harnessing the Proton-Motive Force to Synthesize ATP lodish8e_ch12_37.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_37_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Mechanism of ATP Synthesis Is Shared Among Bacteria, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts lodish8e_ch12_38.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_38_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
ATP Synthase Comprises F0 and F1 Multiprotein Complexes lodish8e_ch12_39.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_39_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Rotation of the F1 γ Subunit, Driven by Proton Movement Through F0, Powers ATP Synthesis lodish8e_ch12_40.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_40_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Multiple Protons Must Pass Through ATP Synthase to Synthesize One ATP lodish8e_ch12_41.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_41_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
F0 c Ring Rotation Is Driven by Protons Flowing Through Transmembrane Channels lodish8e_ch12_42.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_42_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
ATP-ADP Exchange Across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Is Powered by the Proton-Motive Force lodish8e_ch12_43.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_43_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Rate of Mitochondrial Oxidation Normally Depends on ADP Levels lodish8e_ch12_44.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_44_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria in Brown Fat Use the Proton-Motive Force to Generate Heat lodish8e_ch12_45.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_45_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.5lodish8e_ch12_46.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_46_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.6 Photosynthesis and Light-Absorbing Pigments lodish8e_ch12_47.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_47_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Thylakoid Membranes in Chloroplasts Are the Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants lodish8e_ch12_48.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_48_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Chloroplasts Contain Large DNAs Often Encoding More Than a Hundred Proteins lodish8e_ch12_49.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_49_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Three of the Four Stages in Photosynthesis Occur Only During Illumination lodish8e_ch12_50.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_50_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Photosystems Comprise a Reaction Center and Associated Light-Harvesting Complexes lodish8e_ch12_51.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_51_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Photoelectron Transport from Energized Reaction-Center Chlorophyll a Produces a Charge Separation lodish8e_ch12_52.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_52_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Internal Antennas and Light-Harvesting Complexes Increase the Efficiency of Photosynthesis lodish8e_ch12_53.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_53_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.6lodish8e_ch12_54.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_54_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.7 Molecular Analysis of Photosystems lodish8e_ch12_55.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_55_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Single Photosystem of Purple Bacteria Generates a Proton-Motive Force but No O2lodish8e_ch12_56.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_56_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Chloroplasts Contain Two Functionally and Spatially Distinct Photosystems lodish8e_ch12_57.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_57_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Linear Electron Flow Through Both Plant Photosystems Generates a Proton-Motive Force, O2, and NADPH lodish8e_ch12_58.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_58_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
An Oxygen-Evolving Complex Is Located on the Luminal Surface of the PSII Reaction Center lodish8e_ch12_59.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_59_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Multiple Mechanisms Protect Cells Against Damage from Reactive Oxygen Species During Photoelectron Transport lodish8e_ch12_60.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_60_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Cyclic Electron Flow Through PSI Generates a Proton-Motive Force but No NADPH or O2lodish8e_ch12_61.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_61_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Relative Activities of Photosystems I and II Are Regulated lodish8e_ch12_62.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_62_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.7lodish8e_ch12_63.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_63_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.8 CO2 Metabolism During Photosynthesis lodish8e_ch12_64.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_64_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Rubisco Fixes CO2 in the Chloroplast Stroma lodish8e_ch12_65.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_65_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Synthesis of Sucrose Using Fixed CO2 Is Completed in the Cytosol lodish8e_ch12_66.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_66_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Light and Rubisco Activase Stimulate CO2 Fixation lodish8e_ch12_67.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_67_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Photorespiration Competes with Carbon Fixation and Is Reduced in C4 Plants lodish8e_ch12_68.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_68_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.8lodish8e_ch12_69.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_69_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch12_70.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_70_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch12_71.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_71_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch12_72.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_72_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch12_73.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_73_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000