Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures.

Page numbers followed by “t” indicate tables.

X chromosome

Duchenne muscular dystrophy inheritance and, 796

inactivation in mammals, 334–335, 409–410, 410f

XACT, 411

Xenopus laevis, 877, 878–879

Xenopus oocytes, 451–452, 878–879, 879f

nuclear bodies in, 468f

nuclear envelopes of, 623f

Xeroderma pigmentosum, 207, 207f, 376, 1167

XIAP, 1018

X-inactivation center, 409–410, 410f

Xist gene, 409, 410f

X-linked genetic diseases, 547

X-linked mental retardation, 102

X-linked recessive diseases, 255, 255f

XMAP215, 831, 853, 853f

X-ray crystallography, 119, 119f, 691

X-rays, 906

Yamanaka, Shinya, 983

Y-complex, 622, 623f

Yeast, 19, 21. See also Saccharomyces cerevisiae

asymmetric growth in mating, 1003

budding, 877–878, 877f, 890f

fusion, 877–878, 878f

genomic libraries, 237–238, 238f

GPCR-MAP kinase signals in, 746

homologous recombination in, 260, 260f

mating pathways, 746, 747f

mating-type loci, 391, 391f

Mediator complex, 396f

mutations in, 21–22

polarization, 1003

preinitiation complex, 376f

pre-rRNA processing in, 462, 463f

shmoos in, 1003, 1004f

tRNA in, 467, 467f

tubulins in, 822–823

vesicular transport in, 635–636, 637f

YXXΦ sorting signal, 651

Z disk, 804, 805

in desmin filaments, 864

Zebrafish, 20f

Zellweger syndrome, 621

Zinc finger, 76

Zinc finger proteins, 385–386

ZO. See Zonula occludens

ZO-1, 944

ZO-2, 944

Zoloft, 1057

Zona pellucida, 977, 978f

Zonula occludens (ZO), 941

Zwitterion, 55

Zygotes, 879

Zymogens, 104