Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures.

Page numbers followed by “t” indicate tables.

F₁γ subunit, 554–555, 555f

FABPs. See Fatty acid-binding proteins

Facilitated diffusion, 476

Facilitated transport, 476, 477t

of glucose and water, 477–483

Facilitated transporters, 476

FACS. See Fluorescence-activated cell sorter

F-actin, 779, 780–781, 780f

Facultative anaerobes, 518

FAD. See Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FADD, 1021–1022

FADH₂, 63, 64f, 533

electron transfer from, 539–540

oxidation of, 539

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 1146

Familial ALS, 984

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), 661

Familial Parkinson’s disease, 985f

FAP. See Familial adenomatous polyposis

Farnesyl, 288, 289f, 295f, 296, 741f

Fas ligand, 1021–1022

Fat cells

beige, 559

differentiation of, 770, 771f

insulin stimulation of, 767, 768f, 769

Fatty acid synthase, 293

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), 293–294, 294f

Fatty acids, 48, 49t, 50, 51f

oxidation of, 534f, 536–537, 538f

peroxisomal oxidation of, 537, 538f

phospholipids incorporating, 294–295

proteins facilitating movement of, 293–294

synthesis of, 293

Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 544

Fc receptors, 1094

F-class pumps, 484f, 485

Feedback inhibition, 100

Feedback loops

cytosolic Ca²⁺ and, 713, 713f

intrinsic polarity program and, 1000–1002, 1001f

in nervous system, 1028

TGF-β/Smad regulation, 725–726, 726f

Feedback neural circuits, 1029, 1030f

Feedback repression, 706

Feed-forward activation, 517

Fermentation, 518, 519f, 520

Ferrotransferrin, 663, 664f

Fertilization, 977, 978f, 979

I-13

Fexofenadine, 687t

FGF. See Fibroblast growth factor

FGF receptors, 735, 735f

FG-nucleoporins, 622, 623f, 627

FG-repeats, 625

FH. See Familial hypercholesterolemia

FH1. See Formin-homology domain 1

FH2. See Formin-homology domain 2

Fibril-associated collagens, 951

Fibrillar adhesions, 961

Fibrillar collagens, 951–952, 952f

fibrillin-1 gene, 960

Fibrils, 951

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), 734, 735, 735f, 1141

Fibroblasts, 12, 131, 182, 182f, 655, 951, 983

adhesions on, 962f

Fibronectin, 182, 182f, 303, 928f, 930f, 956–959, 958f, 959f, 965

alternative splicing and, 304

Fibrous proteins, 72–73

Filamin, 793, 794f

Fimbrin, 793, 794f

Fischer, Emil, 91

FISH. See Fluorescence in situ hybridization

5′ capping, 419, 420–421, 421f

protection of, 432

5-hydroxytryptamine, 1052f

Flagella, 12, 276, 844–849

beating, 844–845, 846f

structure of, 845f

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), 63, 64f, 95, 516

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), 542f

Fleming, Alexander, 137

Flippases, 282, 295, 493–494

Flow cytometry, 132–133, 881, 881f

Fluid mosaic model, 272, 272f

Fluid-phase endocytosis, 790–791

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 258f, 342, 342f

Fluorescence light microscopy, 140f, 143

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), 151, 152f, 279, 280f, 852

Fluorescence staining, 112

Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), 132, 133f

Fluorescent proteins, 146–147, 146f

Fluorescent staining, 143

Fluorochromes, 143, 144f

Fluoxetine, 1057

FMN. See Flavin mononucleotide

FMRP. See Fragile X mental retardation protein

Focal adhesions, 796, 933, 962f

Focal complexes, 961

Focal contacts, 933

Food poisoning, 1055

Foot-and-mouth disease virus, 967

Formaldehyde, 33f

Formin-homology domain 1 (FH1), 786

Formin-homology domain 2 (FH2), 786, 787f

Formins, 786, 787f, 1004f

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), 152–153, 153f, 690

40S subunit, 192f, 464, 465f

48S preinitiation complex, 191, 192f

43S preinitiation complex, 191, 192f

Fossil record, 3t

4E-BPs. See eIF4E-binding proteins

FOXO3a, 751

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), 1075

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), 1075

Frame shifting, 184

Frameshift mutations, 225

Franklin, Rosalind, 170

FRAP. See Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching

Free energy, 58–60

Free radicals, 547–548

FRET. See Förster resonance energy transfer

FRET biosensor, 152, 153f

Frizzled gene, 1008, 1009f

Frontotemporal dementia, 984

Fructose, 48f, 480

Fruit fly. See Drosophila melanogaster

Functional complementation, 237

Functional domain, 76

activators composed of, 381–383

Functional RNAs, 308–309

Fura-2, 143, 144f

Furin, 657

Fusion proteins, 403f, 681

Fusion yeast, 877–878, 878f

FXS. See Fragile X syndrome