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Chapter 1 Introductionmorris2e_ch1_1.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_1_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
1.1 The Scientific Method morris2e_ch1_2.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_2_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Observation allows us to draw tentative explanations called hypotheses. morris2e_ch1_3.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_3_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
A hypothesis makes predictions that can be tested by observation and experiments. morris2e_ch1_4.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_4_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
General explanations of natural phenomena supported by many experiments and observations are called theories. morris2e_ch1_5.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_5_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
1.2 Chemical and Physical Principles morris2e_ch1_6.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_6_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
The living and nonliving worlds follow the same chemical rules and obey the same physical laws. morris2e_ch1_7.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_7_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
The scientific method shows that living organisms come from other living organisms. morris2e_ch1_8.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_8_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
1.3 The Cell morris2e_ch1_9.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_9_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Nucleic acids store and transmit information needed for growth, function, and reproduction. morris2e_ch1_10.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_10_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Membranes define cells and spaces within cells. morris2e_ch1_11.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_11_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Metabolism converts energy from the environment into a form that can be used by cells. morris2e_ch1_12.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_12_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
A virus is genetic material in need of a cell. morris2e_ch1_13.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_13_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
1.4 Evolution morris2e_ch1_14.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_14_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Variation in populations provides the raw material for evolution. morris2e_ch1_15.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_15_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Evolution predicts a nested pattern of relatedness among species, depicted as a tree. morris2e_ch1_16.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_16_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Evolution can be studied by means of experiments. morris2e_ch1_17.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_17_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
1.5 Ecological Systems morris2e_ch1_18.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_18_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Basic features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior shape ecological systems. morris2e_ch1_19.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_19_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Ecological interactions play an important role in evolution. morris2e_ch1_20.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_20_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
1.6 The Human Footprint morris2e_ch1_21.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_21_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Chapter 1 Summarymorris2e_ch1_22.html560195ff757a2e2c47000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch1_22_dlap.xml560195ff757a2e2c47000000
Chapter 2 Introductionmorris2e_ch2_1.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_1_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
2.1 Properties of Atoms morris2e_ch2_2.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_2_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. morris2e_ch2_3.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_3_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Electrons occupy regions of space called orbitals. morris2e_ch2_4.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_4_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Elements have recurring, or periodic, chemical properties. morris2e_ch2_5.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_5_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
2.2 Molecules and Chemical Bonds morris2e_ch2_6.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_6_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
A covalent bond results when two atoms share electrons. morris2e_ch2_7.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_7_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
A polar covalent bond is characterized by unequal sharing of electrons. morris2e_ch2_8.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_8_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
An ionic bond forms between oppositely charged ions. morris2e_ch2_9.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_9_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
A chemical reaction involves breaking and forming chemical bonds. morris2e_ch2_10.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_10_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
2.3 Water: The Medium of Life morris2e_ch2_11.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_11_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Water is a polar molecule. morris2e_ch2_12.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_12_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
A hydrogen bond is an interaction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom. morris2e_ch2_13.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_13_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Hydrogen bonds give water many unusual properties. morris2e_ch2_14.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_14_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
pH is a measure of the concentration of protons in solution. morris2e_ch2_15.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_15_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
2.4 Carbon: Life’s Chemical Backbone morris2e_ch2_16.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_16_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds. morris2e_ch2_17.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_17_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Carbon-based molecules are structurally and functionally diverse. morris2e_ch2_18.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_18_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
2.5 Organic Molecules morris2e_ch2_19.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_19_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Functional groups add chemical character to carbon chains. morris2e_ch2_20.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_20_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Proteins are composed of amino acids. morris2e_ch2_21.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_21_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Nucleic acids encode genetic information in their nucleotide sequence. morris2e_ch2_22.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_22_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Complex carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars. morris2e_ch2_23.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_23_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Lipids are hydrophobic molecules. morris2e_ch2_24.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_24_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
2.6 Case 1: How Did the Molecules of Life Form? morris2e_ch2_25.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_25_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
The building blocks of life can be generated in the laboratory. morris2e_ch2_26.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_26_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Experiments show how life’s building blocks can form macromolecules. morris2e_ch2_27.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_27_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Chapter 2 Summarymorris2e_ch2_28.html5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch2_28_dlap.xml5602efa4757a2e8c52000000
Chapter 3 Introductionmorris2e_ch3_1.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_1_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
3.1 Major Biological Functions of DNA morris2e_ch3_2.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_2_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
DNA can transfer biological characteristics from one organism to another. morris2e_ch3_3.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_3_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
DNA molecules are copied in the process of replication. morris2e_ch3_4.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_4_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. morris2e_ch3_5.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_5_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
3.2 Chemical Composition and Structure of DNA morris2e_ch3_6.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_6_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
A DNA strand consists of subunits called nucleotides. morris2e_ch3_7.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_7_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
DNA is a linear polymer of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds. morris2e_ch3_8.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_8_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Cellular DNA molecules take the form of a double helix. morris2e_ch3_9.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_9_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
The three-dimensional structure of DNA gave important clues about its functions. morris2e_ch3_10.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_10_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Cellular DNA is coiled and packaged with proteins. morris2e_ch3_11.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_11_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
3.3 Retrieval of Genetic Information Stored in DNA: Transcription morris2e_ch3_12.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_12_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Case 1: What was the first nucleic acid molecule, and how did it arise? morris2e_ch3_13.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_13_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
RNA is a polymer of nucleotides in which the 5-carbon sugar is ribose. morris2e_ch3_14.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_14_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
In transcription, DNA is used as a template to make complementary RNA. morris2e_ch3_15.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_15_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Transcription starts at a promoter and ends at a terminator. morris2e_ch3_16.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_16_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
RNA polymerase adds successive nucleotides to the 3′ end of the transcript. morris2e_ch3_17.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_17_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
The RNA polymerase complex is a molecular machine that opens, transcribes, and closes duplex DNA. morris2e_ch3_18.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_18_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
3.4 Fate of the RNA Primary Transcript morris2e_ch3_19.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_19_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Messenger RNA carries information for the synthesis of a specific protein. morris2e_ch3_20.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_20_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Primary transcripts in eukaryotes undergo several types of chemical modification. morris2e_ch3_21.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_21_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Some RNA transcripts are processed differently from protein-coding transcripts and have functions of their own. morris2e_ch3_22.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_22_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Chapter 3 Summarymorris2e_ch3_23.html560a059c757a2e3776000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch3_23_dlap.xml560a059c757a2e3776000000
Chapter 4 Introductionmorris2e_ch4_1.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_1_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
4.1 Molecular Structure of Proteins morris2e_ch4_2.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_2_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Amino acids differ in their side chains. morris2e_ch4_3.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_3_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Successive amino acids in proteins are connected by peptide bonds. morris2e_ch4_4.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_4_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
The sequence of amino acids dictates protein folding, which determines function. morris2e_ch4_5.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_5_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Secondary structures result from hydrogen bonding in the polypeptide backbone. morris2e_ch4_6.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_6_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Tertiary structures result from interactions between amino acid side chains. morris2e_ch4_7.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_7_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Polypeptide subunits can come together to form quaternary structures. morris2e_ch4_8.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_8_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Chaperones help some proteins fold properly. morris2e_ch4_9.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_9_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
4.2 Translation: How Proteins Are Synthesized morris2e_ch4_10.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_10_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Translation uses many molecules found in all cells. morris2e_ch4_11.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_11_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
The genetic code shows the correspondence between codons and amino acids. morris2e_ch4_12.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_12_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Translation consists of initiation, elongation, and termination. morris2e_ch4_13.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_13_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Case 1: How did the genetic code originate? morris2e_ch4_14.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_14_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
4.3 Protein Evolution and the Origin of New Proteins morris2e_ch4_15.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_15_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Most proteins are composed of modular folding domains. morris2e_ch4_16.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_16_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Amino acid sequences evolve through mutation and selection. morris2e_ch4_17.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_17_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Chapter 4 Summarymorris2e_ch4_18.html560ae12b757a2ee058000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch4_18_dlap.xml560ae12b757a2ee058000000
Chapter 5 Introductionmorris2e_ch5_1.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_1_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
5.1 Structure of Cell Membranes morris2e_ch5_2.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_2_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Cell membranes are composed of two layers of lipids. morris2e_ch5_3.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_3_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Case 1: How did the first cell membranes form? morris2e_ch5_4.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_4_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Cell membranes are dynamic. morris2e_ch5_5.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_5_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Proteins associate with cell membranes in different ways. morris2e_ch5_6.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_6_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
5.2 The Plasma Membrane and Cell Wall morris2e_ch5_7.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_7_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
The plasma membrane maintains homeostasis. morris2e_ch5_8.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_8_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Passive transport involves diffusion. morris2e_ch5_9.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_9_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Primary active transport uses the energy of ATP. morris2e_ch5_10.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_10_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Secondary active transport is driven by an electrochemical gradient. morris2e_ch5_11.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_11_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Many cells maintain size and composition using active transport. morris2e_ch5_12.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_12_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
The cell wall provides another means of maintaining cell shape. morris2e_ch5_13.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_13_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
5.3 The Internal Organization of Cells morris2e_ch5_14.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_14_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ in internal organization. morris2e_ch5_15.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_15_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and extensive internal compartmentalization. morris2e_ch5_16.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_16_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and specialized internal structures. morris2e_ch5_17.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_17_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
5.4 The Endomembrane System morris2e_ch5_18.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_18_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
The endomembrane system compartmentalizes the cell. morris2e_ch5_19.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_19_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
The nucleus houses the genome and is the site of RNA synthesis. morris2e_ch5_20.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_20_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. morris2e_ch5_21.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_21_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts proteins and lipids. morris2e_ch5_22.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_22_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Lysosomes degrade macromolecules. morris2e_ch5_23.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_23_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Protein sorting directs proteins to their proper location in or out of the cell. morris2e_ch5_24.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_24_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
5.5 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts morris2e_ch5_25.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_25_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Mitochondria provide the eukaryotic cell with most of its usable energy. morris2e_ch5_26.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_26_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight. morris2e_ch5_27.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_27_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Chapter 5 Summarymorris2e_ch5_28.html560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch5_28_dlap.xml560c2cf2757a2e125d000000
Chapter 6 Introductionmorris2e_ch6_1.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_1_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
6.1 An Overview of Metabolism morris2e_ch6_2.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_2_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Organisms can be classified according to their energy and carbon sources. morris2e_ch6_3.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_3_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that sustain life. morris2e_ch6_4.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_4_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
6.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy morris2e_ch6_5.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_5_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Kinetic energy and potential energy are two forms of energy. morris2e_ch6_6.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_6_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy. morris2e_ch6_7.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_7_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
ATP is a readily accessible form of cellular energy. morris2e_ch6_8.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_8_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics morris2e_ch6_9.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_9_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
The first law of thermodynamics: Energy is conserved. morris2e_ch6_10.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_10_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
The second law of thermodynamics: Energy transformations always result in an increase in disorder in the universe. morris2e_ch6_11.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_11_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
6.4 Chemical Reactions morris2e_ch6_12.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_12_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
A chemical reaction occurs when molecules interact. morris2e_ch6_13.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_13_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
The laws of thermodynamics determine whether a chemical reaction requires or releases energy available to do work. morris2e_ch6_14.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_14_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
The hydrolysis of ATP is an exergonic reaction. morris2e_ch6_15.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_15_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Non-spontaneous reactions are often coupled to spontaneous reactions. morris2e_ch6_16.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_16_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
6.5 Enzymes and the Rate of Chemical Reactions morris2e_ch6_17.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_17_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Enzymes reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction. morris2e_ch6_18.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_18_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Enzymes form a complex with reactants and products. morris2e_ch6_19.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_19_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Enzymes are highly specific. morris2e_ch6_20.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_20_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Enzyme activity can be influenced by inhibitors and activators. morris2e_ch6_21.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_21_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Allosteric enzymes regulate key metabolic pathways. morris2e_ch6_22.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_22_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Case 1: What naturally occurring elements might have spurred the first reactions that led to life? morris2e_ch6_23.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_23_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Chapter 6 Summarymorris2e_ch6_24.html560c981a757a2ea708000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch6_24_dlap.xml560c981a757a2ea708000000
Chapter 7 Introductionmorris2e_ch7_1.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_1_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.1 An Overview of Cellular Respiration morris2e_ch7_2.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_2_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Cellular respiration uses chemical energy stored in molecules such as carbohydrates and lipids to produce ATP. morris2e_ch7_3.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_3_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
ATP is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. morris2e_ch7_4.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_4_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Redox reactions play a central role in cellular respiration. morris2e_ch7_5.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_5_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Cellular respiration occurs in four stages. morris2e_ch7_6.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_6_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.2 Glycolysis: The Splitting of Sugar morris2e_ch7_7.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_7_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Glycolysis is the partial breakdown of glucose. morris2e_ch7_8.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_8_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.3 Pyruvate Oxidation morris2e_ch7_9.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_9_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
The oxidation of pyruvate connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. morris2e_ch7_10.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_10_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.4 The Citric Acid Cycle morris2e_ch7_11.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_11_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
The citric acid cycle produces ATP and reduced electron carriers. morris2e_ch7_12.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_12_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Case 1: What were the earliest energy-harnessing reactions? morris2e_ch7_13.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_13_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.5 The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation morris2e_ch7_14.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_14_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
The electron transport chain transfers electrons and pumps protons. morris2e_ch7_15.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_15_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
The proton gradient is a source of potential energy. morris2e_ch7_16.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_16_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
ATP synthase converts the energy of the proton gradient into the energy of ATP. morris2e_ch7_17.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_17_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.6 Anaerobic Metabolism and the Evolution of Cellular Respiration morris2e_ch7_18.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_18_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Fermentation extracts energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen. morris2e_ch7_19.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_19_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Case 1: How did early cells meet their energy requirements? morris2e_ch7_20.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_20_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
7.7 Metabolic Integration morris2e_ch7_21.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_21_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants. morris2e_ch7_22.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_22_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Sugars other than glucose contribute to glycolysis. morris2e_ch7_23.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_23_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Fatty acids and proteins are useful sources of energy. morris2e_ch7_24.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_24_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
The intracellular level of ATP is a key regulator of cellular respiration. morris2e_ch7_25.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_25_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Exercise requires several types of fuel molecules and the coordination of metabolic pathways. morris2e_ch7_26.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_26_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Chapter 7 Summarymorris2e_ch7_27.html560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch7_27_dlap.xml560cc3ca757a2e8412000000
Chapter 8 Introductionmorris2e_ch8_1.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_1_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
8.1 Photosynthesis: An Overview morris2e_ch8_2.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_2_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Photosynthesis is widely distributed. morris2e_ch8_3.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_3_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. morris2e_ch8_4.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_4_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The photosynthetic electron transport chain takes place on specialized membranes. morris2e_ch8_5.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_5_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
8.2 The Calvin Cycle morris2e_ch8_6.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_6_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The incorporation of CO2 is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco. morris2e_ch8_7.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_7_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
NADPH is the reducing agent of the Calvin cycle. morris2e_ch8_8.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_8_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The regeneration of RuBP requires ATP. morris2e_ch8_9.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_9_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The steps of the Calvin cycle were determined using radioactive CO2. morris2e_ch8_10.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_10_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Carbohydrates are stored in the form of starch. morris2e_ch8_11.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_11_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
8.3 Capturing Sunlight Into Chemical Forms morris2e_ch8_12.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_12_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Chlorophyll is the major entry point for light energy in photosynthesis. morris2e_ch8_13.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_13_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Photosystems use light energy to drive the photosynthetic electron transport chain. morris2e_ch8_14.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_14_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The photosynthetic electron transport chain connects two photosystems. morris2e_ch8_15.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_15_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen drives the synthesis of ATP. morris2e_ch8_16.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_16_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Cyclic electron transport increases the production of ATP. morris2e_ch8_17.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_17_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
8.4 Challenges to Photosynthetic Efficiency morris2e_ch8_18.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_18_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Excess light energy can cause damage. morris2e_ch8_19.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_19_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Photorespiration leads to a net loss of energy and carbon. morris2e_ch8_20.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_20_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Photosynthesis captures just a small percentage of incoming solar energy. morris2e_ch8_21.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_21_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
8.5 The Evolution of Photosynthesis morris2e_ch8_22.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_22_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Case 1: How did early cells use sunlight to meet their energy requirements? morris2e_ch8_23.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_23_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
The ability to use water as an electron donor in photosynthesis evolved in cyanobacteria. morris2e_ch8_24.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_24_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Eukaryotic organisms are believed to have gained photosynthesis by endosymbiosis. morris2e_ch8_25.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_25_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Chapter 8 Summarymorris2e_ch8_26.html55c1070b757a2ef415000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch8_26_dlap.xml55c1070b757a2ef415000001
Chapter 9 Introductionmorris2e_ch9_1.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_1_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
9.1 Principles of Cell Communication morris2e_ch9_2.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_2_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Cells communicate using chemical signals that bind to specific receptors. morris2e_ch9_3.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_3_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signaling involves receptor activation, signal transduction, response, and termination. morris2e_ch9_4.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_4_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
9.2 Cell Signaling Over Long and Short Distances morris2e_ch9_5.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_5_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Endocrine signaling acts over long distances. morris2e_ch9_6.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_6_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signaling can occur over short distances. morris2e_ch9_7.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_7_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signaling can occur by direct cell–cell contact. morris2e_ch9_8.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_8_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
9.3 Cell-Surface and Intracellular Receptors morris2e_ch9_9.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_9_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Receptors for polar signaling molecules are on the cell surface. morris2e_ch9_10.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_10_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Receptors for nonpolar signaling molecules are in the interior of the cell. morris2e_ch9_11.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_11_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Cell-surface receptors act like molecular switches. morris2e_ch9_12.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_12_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
9.4 G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Short-Term Responses morris2e_ch9_13.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_13_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
The first step in cell signaling is receptor activation. morris2e_ch9_14.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_14_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signals are often amplified in the cytosol. morris2e_ch9_15.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_15_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signals lead to a cellular response. morris2e_ch9_16.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_16_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signaling pathways are eventually terminated. morris2e_ch9_17.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_17_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
9.5 Receptor Kinases and Long-Term Responses morris2e_ch9_18.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_18_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Receptor kinases phosphorylate each other, activate intracellular signaling pathways, lead to a response, and are terminated. morris2e_ch9_19.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_19_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Case 2: How do cell signaling errors lead to cancer? morris2e_ch9_20.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_20_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Signaling pathways are integrated to produce a response in a cell. morris2e_ch9_21.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_21_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Chapter 9 Summarymorris2e_ch9_22.html560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch9_22_dlap.xml560d81cd757a2eaa69000000
Chapter 10 Introductionmorris2e_ch10_1.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_1_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
10.1 Tissues and Organs morris2e_ch10_2.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_2_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Tissues and organs are communities of cells. morris2e_ch10_3.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_3_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
The structure of skin relates to its function. morris2e_ch10_4.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_4_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
10.2 The Cytoskeleton morris2e_ch10_5.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_5_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Microtubules and microfilaments are polymers of protein subunits. morris2e_ch10_6.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_6_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Microtubules and microfilaments are dynamic structures. morris2e_ch10_7.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_7_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Motor proteins associate with microtubules and microfilaments to cause movement. morris2e_ch10_8.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_8_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Intermediate filaments are polymers of proteins that vary according to cell type. morris2e_ch10_9.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_9_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
The cytoskeleton is an ancient feature of cells. morris2e_ch10_10.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_10_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
10.3 Cell Junctions morris2e_ch10_11.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_11_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Cell adhesion molecules allow cells to attach to other cells and to the extracellular matrix. morris2e_ch10_12.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_12_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Anchoring junctions connect adjacent cells and are reinforced by the cytoskeleton. morris2e_ch10_13.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_13_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Tight junctions prevent the movement of substances through the space between cells. morris2e_ch10_14.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_14_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Communicating junctions allow the passage of molecules between cells. morris2e_ch10_15.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_15_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
10.4 The Extracellular Matrix morris2e_ch10_16.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_16_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
The extracellular matrix of plants is the cell wall. morris2e_ch10_17.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_17_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
The extracellular matrix is abundant in connective tissues of animals. morris2e_ch10_18.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_18_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Case 2: How do cancer cells spread throughout the body? morris2e_ch10_19.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_19_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Extracellular matrix proteins influence cell shape and gene expression. morris2e_ch10_20.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_20_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Chapter 10 Summarymorris2e_ch10_21.html560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch10_21_dlap.xml560d8e93757a2e7c70000000
Chapter 11 Introductionmorris2e_ch11_1.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_1_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
11.1 Cell Division morris2e_ch11_2.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_2_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission. morris2e_ch11_3.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_3_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitotic cell division. morris2e_ch11_4.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_4_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
The cell cycle describes the life cycle of a eukaryotic cell. morris2e_ch11_5.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_5_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
11.2 Mitotic Cell Division morris2e_ch11_6.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_6_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
The DNA of eukaryotic cells is organized as chromosomes. morris2e_ch11_7.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_7_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. morris2e_ch11_8.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_8_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Prometaphase: Chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle. morris2e_ch11_9.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_9_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Metaphase: Chromosomes align as a result of dynamic changes in the mitotic spindle. morris2e_ch11_10.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_10_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Anaphase: Sister chromatids fully separate. morris2e_ch11_11.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_11_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Telophase: Nuclear envelopes re-form around newly segregated chromosomes. morris2e_ch11_12.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_12_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
The parent cell divides into two daughter cells by cytokinesis. morris2e_ch11_13.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_13_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
11.3 Meiotic Cell Division morris2e_ch11_14.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_14_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Pairing of homologous chromosomes is unique to meiosis. morris2e_ch11_15.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_15_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Crossing over between DNA molecules results in exchange of genetic material. morris2e_ch11_16.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_16_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
The first meiotic division brings about the reduction in chromosome number. morris2e_ch11_17.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_17_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
The second meiotic division resembles mitosis. morris2e_ch11_18.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_18_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Division of the cytoplasm often differs between the sexes. morris2e_ch11_19.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_19_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Meiosis is the basis of sexual reproduction. morris2e_ch11_20.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_20_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
11.4 Regulation of the Cell Cycle morris2e_ch11_21.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_21_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Protein phosphorylation controls passage through the cell cycle. morris2e_ch11_22.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_22_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Different cyclin–CDK complexes regulate each stage of the cell cycle. morris2e_ch11_23.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_23_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Cell cycle progression requires successful passage through multiple checkpoints. morris2e_ch11_24.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_24_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
11.5 Case 2: What Genes Are Involded in Cancer? morris2e_ch11_25.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_25_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Oncogenes promote cancer. morris2e_ch11_26.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_26_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Proto-oncogenes are genes that when mutated may cause cancer. morris2e_ch11_27.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_27_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Tumor suppressors block specific steps in the development of cancer. morris2e_ch11_28.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_28_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Most cancers require the accumulation of multiple mutations. morris2e_ch11_29.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_29_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Chapter 11 Summarymorris2e_ch11_30.html560f1e98757a2e2008000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch11_30_dlap.xml560f1e98757a2e2008000000
Chapter 12 Introductionmorris2e_ch12_1.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_1_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
12.1 DNA Replication morris2e_ch12_2.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_2_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
During DNA replication, the parental strands separate and new partners are made. morris2e_ch12_3.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_3_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
New DNA strands grow by the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end. morris2e_ch12_4.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_4_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
In replicating DNA, one daughter strand is synthesized continuously and the other in a series of short pieces. morris2e_ch12_5.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_5_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
A small stretch of RNA is needed to begin synthesis of a new DNA strand. morris2e_ch12_6.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_6_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is coordinated. morris2e_ch12_7.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_7_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
DNA polymerase is self-correcting because of its proofreading function. morris2e_ch12_8.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_8_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
12.2 Replication of Chromosomes morris2e_ch12_9.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_9_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Replication of DNA in chromosomes starts at many places almost simultaneously. morris2e_ch12_10.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_10_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Telomerase restores tips of linear chromosomes shortened during DNA replication. morris2e_ch12_11.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_11_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
12.3 Isolation, Identification, and Sequencing of DNA Fragments morris2e_ch12_12.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_12_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
The polymerase chain reaction selectively amplifies regions of DNA. morris2e_ch12_13.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_13_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size. morris2e_ch12_14.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_14_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Restriction enzymes cleave DNA at particular short sequences. morris2e_ch12_15.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_15_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
DNA strands can be separated and brought back together again. morris2e_ch12_16.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_16_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
DNA sequencing makes use of the principles of DNA replication. morris2e_ch12_17.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_17_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Case 3: What new technologies are being developed to sequence your personal genome? morris2e_ch12_18.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_18_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
12.4 Genetic Engineering morris2e_ch12_19.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_19_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Recombinant DNA combines DNA molecules from two or more sources. morris2e_ch12_20.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_20_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Recombinant DNA is the basis of genetically modified organisms. morris2e_ch12_21.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_21_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
DNA editing can be used to alter gene sequences almost at will. morris2e_ch12_22.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_22_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Chapter 12 Summarymorris2e_ch12_23.html56129377757a2ed432000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch12_23_dlap.xml56129377757a2ed432000000
Chapter 13 Introductionmorris2e_ch13_1.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_1_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
13.1 Genome Sequencing morris2e_ch13_2.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_2_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Complete genome sequences are assembled from smaller pieces. morris2e_ch13_3.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_3_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Sequences that are repeated complicate sequence assembly. morris2e_ch13_4.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_4_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Case 3: Why sequence your personal genome? morris2e_ch13_5.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_5_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
13.2 Genome Annotation morris2e_ch13_6.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_6_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Genome annotation identifies various types of sequence. morris2e_ch13_7.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_7_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Genome annotation includes searching for sequence motifs. morris2e_ch13_8.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_8_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Comparison of genomic DNA with messenger RNA reveals the intron–exon structure of genes. morris2e_ch13_9.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_9_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
An annotated genome summarizes knowledge, guides research, and reveals evolutionary relationships among organisms. morris2e_ch13_10.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_10_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
The HIV genome illustrates the utility of genome annotation and comparison. morris2e_ch13_11.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_11_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
13.3 Gene Number, Genome Size, and Organismal Complexity morris2e_ch13_12.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_12_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Gene number is not a good predictor of biological complexity. morris2e_ch13_13.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_13_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Viruses, bacteria, and archaeons have small, compact genomes. morris2e_ch13_14.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_14_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Among eukaryotes, there is no relationship between genome size and organismal complexity. morris2e_ch13_15.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_15_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
About half of the human genome consists of transposable elements and other types of repetitive DNA. morris2e_ch13_16.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_16_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
13.4 Organization of Genomes morris2e_ch13_17.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_17_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Bacterial cells package their DNA as a nucleoid composed of many loops. morris2e_ch13_18.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_18_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Eukaryotic cells package their DNA as one molecule per chromosome. morris2e_ch13_19.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_19_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
The human genome consists of 22 pairs of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes. morris2e_ch13_20.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_20_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Organelle DNA forms nucleoids that differ from those in bacteria. morris2e_ch13_21.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_21_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
13.5 Viruses and Viral Genomes morris2e_ch13_22.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_22_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Viruses can be classified by their genomes. morris2e_ch13_23.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_23_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
The host range of a virus is determined by viral and host surface proteins. morris2e_ch13_24.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_24_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Viruses have diverse sizes and shapes. morris2e_ch13_25.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_25_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Viruses are capable of self-assembly. morris2e_ch13_26.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_26_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Chapter 13 Summarymorris2e_ch13_27.html5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch13_27_dlap.xml5612a66a757a2e9c58000000
Chapter 14 Introductionmorris2e_ch14_1.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_1_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
14.1 The Rate and Nature of Mutations morris2e_ch14_2.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_2_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
For individual nucleotides, mutation is a rare event. morris2e_ch14_3.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_3_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Across the genome as a whole, mutation is common. morris2e_ch14_4.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_4_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Only germ-line mutations are transmitted to progeny. morris2e_ch14_5.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_5_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Case 3: What can your personal genome tell you about your genetic risk factors? morris2e_ch14_6.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_6_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Mutations are random with regard to an organism’s needs. morris2e_ch14_7.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_7_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
14.2 Small-Scale Mutations morris2e_ch14_8.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_8_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide. morris2e_ch14_9.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_9_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Small insertions and deletions involve several nucleotides. morris2e_ch14_10.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_10_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Some mutations are due to the insertion of a transposable element. morris2e_ch14_11.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_11_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
14.3 Chromosomal Mutations morris2e_ch14_12.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_12_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Duplications and deletions result in gain or loss of DNA. morris2e_ch14_13.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_13_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Gene families arise from gene duplication and evolutionary divergence. morris2e_ch14_14.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_14_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
An inversion has a chromosomal region reversed in orientation. morris2e_ch14_15.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_15_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
A reciprocal translocation joins segments from nonhomologous chromosomes. morris2e_ch14_16.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_16_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
14.4 DNA Damage and Repair morris2e_ch14_17.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_17_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DNA damage can affect both DNA backbone and bases. morris2e_ch14_18.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_18_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Most DNA damage is corrected by specialized repair enzymes. morris2e_ch14_19.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_19_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Chapter 14 Summarymorris2e_ch14_20.html5612b666757a2ef45d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch14_20_dlap.xml5612b666757a2ef45d000000
Chapter 15 Introductionmorris2e_ch15_1.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_1_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
15.1 Genotype and Phenotype morris2e_ch15_2.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_2_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell or organism; phenotype is its observed characteristics. morris2e_ch15_3.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_3_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
The effect of a genotype often depends on several factors. morris2e_ch15_4.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_4_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Some genetic differences are major risk factors for disease. morris2e_ch15_5.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_5_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Not all genetic differences are harmful. morris2e_ch15_6.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_6_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
A few genetic differences are beneficial. morris2e_ch15_7.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_7_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
15.2 Genetic Variation and Individual Uniqueness morris2e_ch15_8.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_8_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Areas of the genome with variable numbers of tandem repeats are useful in DNA typing. morris2e_ch15_9.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_9_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Some polymorphisms add or remove restriction sites in the DNA. morris2e_ch15_10.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_10_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
15.3 Genomewide Studies of Genetic Variation morris2e_ch15_11.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_11_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single-base changes in the genome. morris2e_ch15_12.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_12_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Case 3: How can genetic risk factors be detected? morris2e_ch15_13.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_13_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Copy-number variation constitutes a significant proportion of genetic variation. morris2e_ch15_14.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_14_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
15.4 Genetic Variation in Chromosomes morris2e_ch15_15.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_15_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Nondisjunction in meiosis results in extra or missing chromosomes. morris2e_ch15_16.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_16_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Some human disorders result from nondisjunction. morris2e_ch15_17.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_17_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Extra or missing sex chromosomes have fewer effects than extra autosomes. morris2e_ch15_18.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_18_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Nondisjunction is a major cause of spontaneous abortion. morris2e_ch15_19.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_19_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Chapter 15 Summarymorris2e_ch15_20.html5612c44e757a2ece66000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch15_20_dlap.xml5612c44e757a2ece66000000
Chapter 16 Introductionmorris2e_ch16_1.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_1_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
16.1 Early Theories of Inheritance morris2e_ch16_2.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_2_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Early theories of heredity predicted the transmission of acquired characteristics. morris2e_ch16_3.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_3_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Belief in blending inheritance discouraged studies of hereditary transmission. morris2e_ch16_4.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_4_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
16.2 The Foundations of Modern Transmission Genetics morris2e_ch16_5.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_5_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Mendel’s experimental organism was the garden pea. morris2e_ch16_6.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_6_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
In crosses, one of the traits was dominant in the offspring. morris2e_ch16_7.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_7_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
16.3 Segregation: Mendel’s Key Discovery morris2e_ch16_8.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_8_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Genes come in pairs that segregate in the formation of reproductive cells. morris2e_ch16_9.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_9_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
The principle of segregation was tested by predicting the outcome of crosses. morris2e_ch16_10.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_10_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
A testcross is a mating to an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype. morris2e_ch16_11.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_11_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Segregation of alleles reflects the separation of chromosomes in meiosis. morris2e_ch16_12.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_12_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Dominance is not universally observed. morris2e_ch16_13.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_13_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
The principles of transmission genetics are statistical and are stated in terms of probabilities. morris2e_ch16_14.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_14_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Mendelian segregation preserves genetic variation. morris2e_ch16_15.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_15_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
16.4 Independent Assortment morris2e_ch16_16.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_16_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Independent assortment is observed when genes segregate independently of one another. morris2e_ch16_17.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_17_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Independent assortment reflects the random alignment of chromosomes in meiosis. morris2e_ch16_18.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_18_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Phenotypic ratios can be modified by interactions between genes. morris2e_ch16_19.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_19_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
16.5 Patterns of Inheritance Observed in Family Histories morris2e_ch16_20.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_20_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Dominant traits appear in every generation. morris2e_ch16_21.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_21_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Recessive traits skip generations. morris2e_ch16_22.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_22_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Many genes have multiple alleles. morris2e_ch16_23.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_23_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Incomplete penetrance and variable expression can obscure inheritance patterns. morris2e_ch16_24.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_24_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Case 3: How do genetic tests identify disease risk factors? morris2e_ch16_25.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_25_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Chapter 16 Summarymorris2e_ch16_26.html5612ce73757a2ee069000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch16_26_dlap.xml5612ce73757a2ee069000000
Chapter 17 Introductionmorris2e_ch17_1.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_1_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
17.1 The X and Y Sex Chromosomes morris2e_ch17_2.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_2_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
In many animals, sex is genetically determined and associated with chromosomal differences. morris2e_ch17_3.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_3_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Segregation of the sex chromosomes predicts a 1:1 ratio of females to males. morris2e_ch17_4.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_4_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
17.2 Inheritance of Genes in the X Chromosome morris2e_ch17_5.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_5_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
X-linked inheritance was discovered through studies of male fruit flies with white eyes. morris2e_ch17_6.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_6_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Genes in the X chromosome exhibit a “crisscross” inheritance pattern. morris2e_ch17_7.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_7_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
X-linkage provided the first experimental evidence that genes are in chromosomes. morris2e_ch17_8.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_8_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Genes in the X chromosome show characteristic patterns in human pedigrees. morris2e_ch17_9.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_9_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
17.3 Genetic Linkage and Recombination morris2e_ch17_10.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_10_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Nearby genes in the same chromosome show linkage. morris2e_ch17_11.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_11_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
The frequency of recombination is a measure of the genetic distance between linked genes. morris2e_ch17_12.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_12_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Genetic mapping assigns a location to each gene along a chromosome. morris2e_ch17_13.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_13_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Genetic risk factors for disease can be localized by genetic mapping. morris2e_ch17_14.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_14_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
17.4 Inheritance of Genes in the Y Chromosome morris2e_ch17_15.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_15_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Y-linked genes are transmitted from father to son to grandson. morris2e_ch17_16.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_16_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Case 3: How can the Y chromosome be used to trace ancestry? morris2e_ch17_17.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_17_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
17.5 Inheritance of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA morris2e_ch17_18.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_18_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes often show uniparental inheritance. morris2e_ch17_19.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_19_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Maternal inheritance is characteristic of mitochondrial diseases. morris2e_ch17_20.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_20_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Case 3: How can mitochondrial DNA be used to trace ancestry? morris2e_ch17_21.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_21_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Chapter 17 Summarymorris2e_ch17_22.html5612e303757a2ed772000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch17_22_dlap.xml5612e303757a2ed772000000
Chapter 18 Introductionmorris2e_ch18_1.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_1_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
18.1 Heredity and Environment morris2e_ch18_2.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_2_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Complex traits are affected by the environment. morris2e_ch18_3.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_3_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Complex traits are affected by multiple genes. morris2e_ch18_4.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_4_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
The relative importance of genes and environment can be determined by differences among individuals. morris2e_ch18_5.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_5_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Genetic and environmental effects can interact in unpredictable ways. morris2e_ch18_6.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_6_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
18.2 Resemblance Among Relatives morris2e_ch18_7.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_7_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
For complex traits, offspring resemble parents but show regression toward the mean. morris2e_ch18_8.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_8_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Heritability is the proportion of the total variation due to genetic differences among individuals. morris2e_ch18_9.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_9_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
18.3 Twin Studies morris2e_ch18_10.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_10_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Twin studies help separate the effects of genes and environment in differences among individuals. morris2e_ch18_11.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_11_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
18.4 Complex Traits in Health and Disease morris2e_ch18_12.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_12_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Most common diseases and birth defects are affected by many genes that each have relatively small effects. morris2e_ch18_13.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_13_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Human height is affected by hundreds of genes. morris2e_ch18_14.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_14_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Case 3: Can personalized medicine lead to effective treatments of common diseases? morris2e_ch18_15.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_15_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Chapter 18 Summarymorris2e_ch18_16.html5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch18_16_dlap.xml5616b2cc757a2e1c72000000
Chapter 19 Introductionmorris2e_ch19_1.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_1_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
19.1 Chromatin to Messenger RNA in Eukaryotes morris2e_ch19_2.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_2_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Gene expression can be influenced by chemical modification of DNA or histones. morris2e_ch19_3.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_3_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Gene expression can be regulated at the level of an entire chromosome. morris2e_ch19_4.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_4_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Transcription is a key control point in gene expression. morris2e_ch19_5.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_5_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
RNA processing is also important in gene regulation. morris2e_ch19_6.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_6_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
19.2 Messenger RNA to Phenotype in Eukaryotes morris2e_ch19_7.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_7_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Small regulatory RNAs inhibit translation or promote mRNA degradation. morris2e_ch19_8.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_8_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Translational regulation controls the rate, timing, and location of protein synthesis. morris2e_ch19_9.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_9_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Protein structure and chemical modification modulate protein effects on phenotype. morris2e_ch19_10.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_10_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Case 3: How do lifestyle choices affect expression of your personal genome? morris2e_ch19_11.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_11_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
19.3 Transcriptional Regulation in Prokaryotes morris2e_ch19_12.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_12_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Transcriptional regulation can be positive or negative. morris2e_ch19_13.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_13_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Lactose utilization in E. coli is the pioneering example of transcriptional regulation. morris2e_ch19_14.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_14_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
The repressor protein binds with the operator and prevents transcription, but not in the presence of lactose. morris2e_ch19_15.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_15_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
The function of the lactose operon was revealed by genetic studies. morris2e_ch19_16.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_16_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
The lactose operon is also positively regulated by CRP–cAMP. morris2e_ch19_17.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_17_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Transcriptional regulation determines the outcome of infection by a bacterial virus. morris2e_ch19_18.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_18_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Chapter 19 Summarymorris2e_ch19_19.html5616c13a757a2e0278000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch19_19_dlap.xml5616c13a757a2e0278000000
Chapter 20 Introductionmorris2e_ch20_1.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_1_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
20.1 Genetic Programs of Development morris2e_ch20_2.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_2_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
The fertilized egg is a totipotent cell. morris2e_ch20_3.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_3_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Cellular differentiation increasingly restricts alternative fates. morris2e_ch20_4.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_4_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Case 3: Can cells with your personal genome be reprogrammed for new therapies? morris2e_ch20_5.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_5_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
20.2 Hierarchical Control of Development morris2e_ch20_6.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_6_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Drosophila development proceeds through egg, larval, and adult stages. morris2e_ch20_7.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_7_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
The egg is a highly polarized cell. morris2e_ch20_8.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_8_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Development proceeds by progressive regionalization and specification. morris2e_ch20_9.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_9_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Homeotic genes determine where different body parts develop in the organism. morris2e_ch20_10.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_10_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
20.3 Evolutionary Conservation of Key Transcription Factors in Development morris2e_ch20_11.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_11_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Animals have evolved a wide variety of eyes. morris2e_ch20_12.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_12_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Pax6 is a master regulator of eye development. morris2e_ch20_13.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_13_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
20.4 Combinatorial Control in Development morris2e_ch20_14.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_14_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Floral differentiation is a model for plant development. morris2e_ch20_15.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_15_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
The identity of the floral organs is determined by combinatorial control. morris2e_ch20_16.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_16_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
20.5 Cell Signaling in Development morris2e_ch20_17.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_17_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
A signaling molecule can cause multiple responses in the cell. morris2e_ch20_18.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_18_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Developmental signals are amplified and expanded. morris2e_ch20_19.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_19_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Chapter 20 Summarymorris2e_ch20_20.html5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch20_20_dlap.xml5616d3b0757a2ea601000000
Chapter 21 Introductionmorris2e_ch21_1.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_1_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
21.1 Genetic Variation morris2e_ch21_2.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_2_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Population genetics is the study of patterns of genetic variation. morris2e_ch21_3.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_3_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Mutation and recombination are the two sources of genetic variation. morris2e_ch21_4.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_4_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
21.2 Measuring Genetic Variation morris2e_ch21_5.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_5_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
To understand patterns of genetic variation, we require information about allele frequencies. morris2e_ch21_6.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_6_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Early population geneticists relied on observable traits and gel electrophoresis to measure variation. morris2e_ch21_7.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_7_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DNA sequencing is the gold standard for measuring genetic variation. morris2e_ch21_8.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_8_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
21.3 Evolution and the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium morris2e_ch21_9.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_9_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Evolution is a change in allele or genotype frequency over time. morris2e_ch21_10.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_10_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium describes situations in which allele and genotype frequencies do not change. morris2e_ch21_11.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_11_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium relates allele frequencies and genotype frequencies. morris2e_ch21_12.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_12_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is the starting point for population genetic analysis. morris2e_ch21_13.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_13_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
21.4 Natural Selection morris2e_ch21_14.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_14_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Natural selection brings about adaptations. morris2e_ch21_15.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_15_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
The Modern Synthesis combines Mendelian genetics and Darwinian evolution. morris2e_ch21_16.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_16_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Natural selection increases the frequency of advantageous mutations and decreases the frequency of deleterious mutations. morris2e_ch21_17.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_17_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Case 4: What genetic differences have made some individuals more and some less susceptible to malaria? morris2e_ch21_18.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_18_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Natural selection can be stabilizing, directional, or disruptive. morris2e_ch21_19.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_19_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Sexual selection increases an individual’s reproductive success. morris2e_ch21_20.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_20_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
21.5 Migration, Mutation, Genetic Drift, and Non-Random Mating morris2e_ch21_21.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_21_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Migration reduces genetic variation between populations. morris2e_ch21_22.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_22_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Mutation increases genetic variation. morris2e_ch21_23.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_23_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Genetic drift has a large effect in small populations. morris2e_ch21_24.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_24_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Non-random mating alters genotype frequencies without affecting allele frequencies. morris2e_ch21_25.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_25_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
21.6 Molecular Evolution morris2e_ch21_26.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_26_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
The molecular clock relates the amount of sequence difference between species and the time since the species diverged. morris2e_ch21_27.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_27_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
The rate of the molecular clock varies. morris2e_ch21_28.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_28_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Chapter 21 Summarymorris2e_ch21_29.html5617cd84757a2eab63000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch21_29_dlap.xml5617cd84757a2eab63000000
Chapter 22 Introductionmorris2e_ch22_1.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_1_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
22.1 The Biological Species Concept morris2e_ch22_2.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_2_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Species are reproductively isolated from other species. morris2e_ch22_3.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_3_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
The BSC is more useful in theory than in practice. morris2e_ch22_4.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_4_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
The BSC does not apply to asexual or extinct organisms. morris2e_ch22_5.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_5_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Ring species and hybridization complicate the BSC. morris2e_ch22_6.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_6_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Ecology and evolution can extend the BSC. morris2e_ch22_7.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_7_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
22.2 Reproductive Isolation morris2e_ch22_8.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_8_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Pre-zygotic isolating factors occur before egg fertilization. morris2e_ch22_9.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_9_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Post-zygotic isolating factors occur after egg fertilization. morris2e_ch22_10.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_10_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
22.3 Speciation morris2e_ch22_11.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_11_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Speciation is a by-product of the genetic divergence of separated populations. morris2e_ch22_12.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_12_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Allopatric speciation is speciation that results from the geographical separation of populations. morris2e_ch22_13.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_13_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Dispersal and vicariance can isolate populations from each other. morris2e_ch22_14.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_14_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Co-speciation is speciation that occurs in response to speciation in another species. morris2e_ch22_15.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_15_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Case 4: How did malaria come to infect humans? morris2e_ch22_16.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_16_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Sympatric populations—those not geographically separated—may undergo speciation. morris2e_ch22_17.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_17_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Speciation can occur instantaneously. morris2e_ch22_18.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_18_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
22.4 Speciation and Selection morris2e_ch22_19.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_19_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Speciation can occur with or without natural selection. morris2e_ch22_20.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_20_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Natural selection can enhance reproductive isolation. morris2e_ch22_21.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_21_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Chapter 22 Summarymorris2e_ch22_22.html5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch22_22_dlap.xml5602fd30757a2ecd58000000
Chapter 23 Introductionmorris2e_ch23_1.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_1_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
23.1 Reading a Phylogenetic Tree morris2e_ch23_2.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_2_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Phylogenetic trees provide hypotheses of evolutionary relationships. morris2e_ch23_3.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_3_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
The search for sister groups lies at the heart of phylogenetics. morris2e_ch23_4.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_4_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants. morris2e_ch23_5.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_5_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Taxonomic classifications are information storage and retrieval systems. morris2e_ch23_6.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_6_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
23.2 Building a Phylogenetic Tree morris2e_ch23_7.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_7_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Homology is similarity by common descent. morris2e_ch23_8.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_8_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Shared derived characters enable biologists to reconstruct evolutionary history. morris2e_ch23_9.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_9_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
The simplest tree is often favored among multiple possible trees. morris2e_ch23_10.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_10_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Molecular data complement comparative morphology in reconstructing phylogenetic history. morris2e_ch23_11.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_11_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Phylogenetic trees can help solve practical problems. morris2e_ch23_12.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_12_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
23.3 The Fossil Record morris2e_ch23_13.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_13_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Fossils provide unique information. morris2e_ch23_14.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_14_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Fossils provide a selective record of past life. morris2e_ch23_15.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_15_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Geological data indicate the age and environmental setting of fossils. morris2e_ch23_16.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_16_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Fossils can contain unique combinations of characters. morris2e_ch23_17.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_17_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Rare mass extinctions have altered the course of evolution. morris2e_ch23_18.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_18_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
23.4 Comparing Evolution’s Two Great Patterns morris2e_ch23_19.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_19_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Phylogeny and fossils complement each other. morris2e_ch23_20.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_20_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Agreement between phylogenies and the fossil record provides strong evidence of evolution. morris2e_ch23_21.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_21_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Chapter 23 Summarymorris2e_ch23_22.html5618299e757a2eda03000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch23_22_dlap.xml5618299e757a2eda03000000
Chapter 24 Introductionmorris2e_ch24_1.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_1_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
24.1 The Great Apes morris2e_ch24_2.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_2_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Comparative anatomy shows that the human lineage branches off the great apes tree. morris2e_ch24_3.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_3_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Molecular analysis reveals that the human lineage split from the chimpanzee lineage about 5–7 million years ago. morris2e_ch24_4.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_4_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
The fossil record gives us direct information about our evolutionary history. morris2e_ch24_5.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_5_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
24.2 African Origins morris2e_ch24_6.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_6_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Studies of mitochondrial DNA reveal that modern humans evolved in Africa relatively recently. morris2e_ch24_7.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_7_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Studies of the Y chromosome provide independent evidence for a recent origin of modern humans. morris2e_ch24_8.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_8_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Neanderthals disappear from the fossil record as modern humans appear, but have contributed to the modern human gene pool. morris2e_ch24_9.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_9_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
24.3 Distinct Features of Our Species morris2e_ch24_10.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_10_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Bipedalism was a key innovation. morris2e_ch24_11.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_11_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Adult humans share many features with juvenile chimpanzees. morris2e_ch24_12.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_12_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Humans have large brains relative to body size. morris2e_ch24_13.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_13_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
The human and chimpanzee genomes help us identify genes that make us human. morris2e_ch24_14.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_14_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
24.4 Human Genetic Variation morris2e_ch24_15.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_15_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
The prehistory of our species has had an impact on the distribution of genetic variation. morris2e_ch24_16.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_16_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
The recent spread of modern humans means that there are few genetic differences between groups. morris2e_ch24_17.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_17_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Some human differences have likely arisen by natural selection. morris2e_ch24_18.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_18_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Case 4: What human genes are under selection for resistance to malaria? morris2e_ch24_19.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_19_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
24.5 Culture, Language, and Consciousness morris2e_ch24_20.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_20_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Culture changes rapidly. morris2e_ch24_21.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_21_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Is culture uniquely human? morris2e_ch24_22.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_22_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Is language uniquely human? morris2e_ch24_23.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_23_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Is consciousness uniquely human? morris2e_ch24_24.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_24_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Chapter 24 Summarymorris2e_ch24_25.html561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch24_25_dlap.xml561bf9d2757a2ed25b000002
Chapter 25 Introductionmorris2e_ch25_1.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_1_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
25.1 The Short-Term Carbon Cycle morris2e_ch25_2.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_2_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Photosynthesis and respiration are key processes in short-term carbon cycling. morris2e_ch25_3.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_3_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
The regular oscillation of CO2 reflects the seasonality of photosynthesis in the Northern Hemisphere. morris2e_ch25_4.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_4_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Human activities play an important role in the modern carbon cycle. morris2e_ch25_5.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_5_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Carbon isotopes show that much of the CO2 added to air over the past half century comes from burning fossil fuels. morris2e_ch25_6.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_6_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
25.2 The Long-Term Carbon Cycle morris2e_ch25_7.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_7_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Reservoirs and fluxes are key in long-term carbon cycling. morris2e_ch25_8.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_8_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Physical processes add and remove CO2 from the atmosphere. morris2e_ch25_9.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_9_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Records of atmospheric composition over 400,000 years show periodic shifts in CO2 content. morris2e_ch25_10.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_10_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Variations in atmospheric CO2 over hundreds of millions of years reflect plate tectonics and evolution. morris2e_ch25_11.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_11_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
25.3 The Carbon Cycle: Ecology, Biodiversity, and Evolution morris2e_ch25_12.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_12_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Food webs trace the cycling of carbon through communities and ecosystems. morris2e_ch25_13.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_13_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Biological diversity reflects the many ways that organisms participate in the carbon cycle. morris2e_ch25_14.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_14_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
The carbon cycle weaves together biological evolution and environmental change through Earth history. morris2e_ch25_15.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_15_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Chapter 25 Summarymorris2e_ch25_16.html561d330a757a2e875f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch25_16_dlap.xml561d330a757a2e875f000000
Chapter 26 Introductionmorris2e_ch26_1.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_1_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
26.1 Two Prokaryotic Domains morris2e_ch26_2.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_2_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
The bacterial cell is small but powerful. morris2e_ch26_3.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_3_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Diffusion limits cell size in bacteria. morris2e_ch26_4.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_4_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Horizontal gene transfer promotes genetic diversity in bacteria. morris2e_ch26_5.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_5_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Archaea form a second prokaryotic domain. morris2e_ch26_6.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_6_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
26.2 An Expanded Carbon Cycle morris2e_ch26_7.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_7_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Many photosynthetic bacteria do not produce oxygen. morris2e_ch26_8.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_8_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Many bacteria respire without oxygen. morris2e_ch26_9.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_9_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Photoheterotrophs obtain energy from light but obtain carbon from preformed organic molecules. morris2e_ch26_10.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_10_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Chemoautotrophy is a uniquely prokaryotic metabolism. morris2e_ch26_11.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_11_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
26.3 Other Biogeochemical Cycles morris2e_ch26_12.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_12_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Bacteria and archaeons dominate Earth’s sulfur cycle. morris2e_ch26_13.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_13_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
The nitrogen cycle is also driven by bacteria and archaeons. morris2e_ch26_14.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_14_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
26.4 The Diversity of Bacteria morris2e_ch26_15.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_15_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Bacterial phylogeny is a work in progress. morris2e_ch26_16.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_16_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
What, if anything, is a bacterial species? morris2e_ch26_17.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_17_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Proteobacteria are the most diverse bacteria. morris2e_ch26_18.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_18_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
The gram-positive bacteria include organisms that cause and cure disease. morris2e_ch26_19.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_19_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Photosynthesis is widely distributed on the bacterial tree. morris2e_ch26_20.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_20_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
26.5 The Diversity of Archaea morris2e_ch26_21.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_21_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
The archaeal tree has anaerobic, hyperthermophilic organisms near its base. morris2e_ch26_22.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_22_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
The Archaea include several groups of acid-loving microorganisms. morris2e_ch26_23.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_23_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Only Archaea produce methane as a by-product of energy metabolism. morris2e_ch26_24.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_24_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
One group of the Euryarchaeota thrives in extremely salty environments. morris2e_ch26_25.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_25_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Thaumarchaeota may be the most abundant cells in the deep ocean. morris2e_ch26_26.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_26_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
26.6 The Evolutionary History of Prokaryotes morris2e_ch26_27.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_27_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Life originated early in our planet’s history. morris2e_ch26_28.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_28_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Prokaryotes have coevolved with eukaryotes. morris2e_ch26_29.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_29_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Case 5: How do intestinal bacteria influence human health? morris2e_ch26_30.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_30_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Chapter 26 Summarymorris2e_ch26_31.html561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch26_31_dlap.xml561d5637757a2ebc6d000000
Chapter 27 Introductionmorris2e_ch27_1.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_1_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
27.1 The Eukaryotic Cell: A Review morris2e_ch27_2.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_2_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Internal protein scaffolding and dynamic membranes organize the eukaryotic cell. morris2e_ch27_3.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_3_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
In eukaryotic cells, energy metabolism is localized in mitochondria and chloroplasts. morris2e_ch27_4.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_4_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
The organization of the eukaryotic genome also helps explain eukaryotic diversity. morris2e_ch27_5.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_5_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Sex promotes genetic diversity in eukaryotes and gives rise to distinctive life cycles. morris2e_ch27_6.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_6_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
27.2 Eukaryotic Origins morris2e_ch27_7.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_7_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Case 5: What role did symbiosis play in the origin of chloroplasts? morris2e_ch27_8.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_8_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Case 5: What role did symbiosis play in the origin of mitochondria? morris2e_ch27_9.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_9_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Case 5: How did the eukaryotic cell originate? morris2e_ch27_10.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_10_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
In the oceans, many single-celled eukaryotes harbor symbiotic bacteria. morris2e_ch27_11.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_11_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
27.3 Eukaryotic Diversity morris2e_ch27_12.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_12_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Our own group, the opisthokonts, is the most diverse eukaryotic superkingdom. morris2e_ch27_13.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_13_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Amoebozoans include slime molds that produce multicellular structures. morris2e_ch27_14.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_14_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Archaeplastids, which include land plants, are photosynthetic organisms. morris2e_ch27_15.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_15_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians dominate eukaryotic diversity in the oceans. morris2e_ch27_16.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_16_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Photosynthesis spread through eukaryotes by repeated endosymbioses involving eukaryotic algae. morris2e_ch27_17.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_17_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
27.4 The Fossil Record of Protists morris2e_ch27_18.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_18_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Fossils show that eukaryotes existed at least 1800 million years ago. morris2e_ch27_19.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_19_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Protists have continued to diversify during the age of animals. morris2e_ch27_20.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_20_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Chapter 27 Summarymorris2e_ch27_21.html5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch27_21_dlap.xml5623cf0f757a2ef065000000
Chapter 28 Introductionmorris2e_ch28_1.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_1_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
28.1 The Phylogenetic Distribution of Multicellular Organisms morris2e_ch28_2.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_2_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Simple multicellularity is widespread among eukaryotes. morris2e_ch28_3.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_3_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Complex multicellularity evolved several times. morris2e_ch28_4.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_4_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
28.2 Diffusion and Bulk Flow morris2e_ch28_5.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_5_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Diffusion is effective only over short distances. morris2e_ch28_6.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_6_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Animals achieve large size by circumventing limits imposed by diffusion. morris2e_ch28_7.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_7_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Complex multicellular organisms have structures specialized for bulk flow. morris2e_ch28_8.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_8_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
28.3 How to Build a Multicellular Organism morris2e_ch28_9.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_9_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Complex multicellularity requires adhesion between cells. morris2e_ch28_10.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_10_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
How did animal cell adhesion originate? morris2e_ch28_11.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_11_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Complex multicellularity requires communication between cells. morris2e_ch28_12.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_12_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Complex multicellularity requires a genetic program for coordinated growth and cell differentiation. morris2e_ch28_13.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_13_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
28.4 Variations On a Theme: Plants Versus Animals morris2e_ch28_14.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_14_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Cell walls shape patterns of growth and development in plants. morris2e_ch28_15.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_15_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Animal cells can move relative to one another. morris2e_ch28_16.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_16_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
28.5 The Evolution of Complex Multicellularity morris2e_ch28_17.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_17_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Fossil evidence of complex multicellular organisms is first observed in rocks deposited 579–555 million years ago. morris2e_ch28_18.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_18_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Oxygen is necessary for complex multicellular life. morris2e_ch28_19.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_19_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Land plants evolved from green algae that could carry out photosynthesis on land. morris2e_ch28_20.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_20_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Regulatory genes played an important role in the evolution of complex multicellular organisms. morris2e_ch28_21.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_21_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Chapter 28 Summarymorris2e_ch28_22.html562487ac757a2ed66d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch28_22_dlap.xml562487ac757a2ed66d000000
Chapter 29 Introductionmorris2e_ch29_1.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_1_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
29.1 Plant Structure and Function: an Evolutionary Perspective morris2e_ch29_2.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_2_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Land plants are a monophyletic group that includes vascular plants and bryophytes. morris2e_ch29_3.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_3_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
29.2 The Leaf: Acquiring CO2 While Avoiding Desiccation morris2e_ch29_4.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_4_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
CO2 uptake results in water loss. morris2e_ch29_5.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_5_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
The cuticle restricts water loss from leaves but inhibits the uptake of CO2. morris2e_ch29_6.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_6_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Stomata allow leaves to regulate water loss and carbon gain. morris2e_ch29_7.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_7_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
CAM plants use nocturnal CO2 storage to avoid water loss during the day. morris2e_ch29_8.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_8_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
C4 plants suppress photorespiration by concentrating CO2 in bundle-sheath cells. morris2e_ch29_9.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_9_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
29.3 The Stem: Transport of Water Through Xylem morris2e_ch29_10.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_10_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Xylem provides a low-resistance pathway for the movement of water. morris2e_ch29_11.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_11_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Water is pulled through xylem by an evaporative pump. morris2e_ch29_12.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_12_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Xylem transport is at risk of conduit collapse and cavitation. morris2e_ch29_13.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_13_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
29.4 The Stem: Transport of Carbohydrates Through Phloem morris2e_ch29_14.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_14_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Phloem transports carbohydrates from sources to sinks. morris2e_ch29_15.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_15_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Carbohydrates are pushed through phloem by an osmotic pump. morris2e_ch29_16.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_16_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Phloem feeds both the plant and the rhizosphere. morris2e_ch29_17.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_17_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
29.5 The Root: Uptake of Water and Nutrients From the Soil morris2e_ch29_18.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_18_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Plants obtain essential mineral nutrients from the soil. morris2e_ch29_19.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_19_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Nutrient uptake by roots is highly selective. morris2e_ch29_20.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_20_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Nutrient uptake requires energy. morris2e_ch29_21.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_21_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient uptake. morris2e_ch29_22.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_22_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria supply nitrogen to both plants and ecosystems. morris2e_ch29_23.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_23_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Case 6: How has nitrogen availability influenced agricultural productivity? morris2e_ch29_24.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_24_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Chapter 29 Summarymorris2e_ch29_25.html5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch29_25_dlap.xml5639b30b757a2eaa49000001
Chapter 30 Introductionmorris2e_ch30_1.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_1_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
30.1 Alternation of Generations morris2e_ch30_2.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_2_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
The algal sister groups of land plants have one multicellular generation in their life cycle. morris2e_ch30_3.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_3_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Bryophytes illustrate how the alternation of generations allows the dispersal of spores in the air. morris2e_ch30_4.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_4_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Dispersal enhances reproductive fitness in several ways. morris2e_ch30_5.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_5_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Spore-dispersing vascular plants have free-living gametophytes and sporophytes. morris2e_ch30_6.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_6_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
30.2 Seed Plants morris2e_ch30_7.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_7_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
The seed plant life cycle is distinguished by four major steps. morris2e_ch30_8.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_8_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Pine trees illustrate how the transport of pollen in air allows fertilization to occur in the absence of external sources of water. morris2e_ch30_9.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_9_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Seeds enhance the establishment of the next sporophyte generation. morris2e_ch30_10.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_10_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
30.3 Flowering Plants morris2e_ch30_11.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_11_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Flowers are reproductive shoots specialized for the transfer and receipt of pollen. morris2e_ch30_12.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_12_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
The diversity of floral morphology is related to modes of pollination. morris2e_ch30_13.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_13_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Angiosperms have mechanisms to increase outcrossing. morris2e_ch30_14.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_14_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Angiosperms delay provisioning their ovules until after fertilization. morris2e_ch30_15.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_15_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Fruits enhance the dispersal of seeds. morris2e_ch30_16.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_16_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Case 6: How did scientists increase crop yields during the Green Revolution? morris2e_ch30_17.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_17_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
30.4 Asexual Reproduction morris2e_ch30_18.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_18_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Asexually produced plants disperse with and without seeds. morris2e_ch30_19.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_19_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Chapter 30 Summarymorris2e_ch30_20.html5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch30_20_dlap.xml5639b5a6757a2e054f000000
Chapter 31 Introductionmorris2e_ch31_1.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_1_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
31.1 Shoot Growth and Development morris2e_ch31_2.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_2_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Stems grow by adding new cells at their tips. morris2e_ch31_3.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_3_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Stem elongation occurs just below the apical meristem. morris2e_ch31_4.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_4_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
The development of new apical meristems allows stems to branch. morris2e_ch31_5.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_5_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
The shoot apical meristem controls the production and arrangement of leaves. morris2e_ch31_6.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_6_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Young leaves develop vascular connections to the stem. morris2e_ch31_7.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_7_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Flower development terminates the growth of shoot meristems. morris2e_ch31_8.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_8_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
31.2 Plant Hormones morris2e_ch31_9.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_9_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Hormones affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells. morris2e_ch31_10.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_10_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Polar transport of auxin guides the placement of leaf primordia and the development of vascular connections with the stem. morris2e_ch31_11.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_11_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Case 6: What is the developmental basis for the shorter stems of high-yielding rice and wheat? morris2e_ch31_12.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_12_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Cytokinins, in combination with other hormones, control the outgrowth of axillary buds. morris2e_ch31_13.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_13_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
31.3 Secondary Growth morris2e_ch31_14.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_14_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Shoots produce two types of lateral meristem. morris2e_ch31_15.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_15_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem. morris2e_ch31_16.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_16_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
The cork cambium produces an outer protective layer. morris2e_ch31_17.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_17_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Wood has both mechanical and transport functions. morris2e_ch31_18.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_18_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
31.4 Root Growth and Development morris2e_ch31_19.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_19_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Roots grow by producing new cells at their tips. morris2e_ch31_20.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_20_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Root elongation and vascular development are coordinated. morris2e_ch31_21.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_21_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
The formation of new root apical meristems allows roots to branch. morris2e_ch31_22.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_22_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
The structures and functions of root systems are diverse. morris2e_ch31_23.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_23_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
31.5 The Environmental Context of Growth and Development morris2e_ch31_24.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_24_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Plants orient the growth of their stems and roots by light and gravity. morris2e_ch31_25.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_25_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Seeds can delay germination if they detect the presence of plants overhead. morris2e_ch31_26.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_26_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Plants grow taller and branch less when growing in the shade of other plants. morris2e_ch31_27.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_27_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Roots elongate more and branch less when water is scarce. morris2e_ch31_28.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_28_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Exposure to wind results in shorter and stronger stems. morris2e_ch31_29.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_29_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
31.6 Timing of Developmental Events morris2e_ch31_30.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_30_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Flowering time is affected by day length. morris2e_ch31_31.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_31_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Plants use their internal circadian clock and photoreceptors to determine day length. morris2e_ch31_32.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_32_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Vernalization prevents plants from flowering until winter has passed. morris2e_ch31_33.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_33_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Plants use day length as a cue to prepare for winter. morris2e_ch31_34.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_34_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Chapter 31 Summarymorris2e_ch31_35.html563bac7b757a2ef524000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch31_35_dlap.xml563bac7b757a2ef524000000
Chapter 32 Introductionmorris2e_ch32_1.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_1_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
32.1 Protection Against Pathogens morris2e_ch32_2.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_2_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plant pathogens infect and exploit host plants by a variety of mechanisms. morris2e_ch32_3.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_3_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plants are able to detect and respond to pathogens. morris2e_ch32_4.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_4_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plants respond to infections by isolating infected regions. morris2e_ch32_5.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_5_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Mobile signals trigger defenses in uninfected tissues. morris2e_ch32_6.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_6_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plants defend against viral infections by producing siRNA. morris2e_ch32_7.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_7_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
A pathogenic bacterium provides a way to modify plant genomes. morris2e_ch32_8.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_8_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
32.2 Defense Against Herbivores morris2e_ch32_9.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_9_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plants use mechanical and chemical defenses to avoid being eaten. morris2e_ch32_10.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_10_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Diverse chemical compounds deter herbivores. morris2e_ch32_11.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_11_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Some plants provide food and shelter for ants, which actively defend them. morris2e_ch32_12.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_12_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Grasses can regrow quickly following grazing by mammals. morris2e_ch32_13.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_13_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
32.3 Allocating Resources to Defense morris2e_ch32_14.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_14_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Some defenses are always present, whereas others are turned on in response to a threat. morris2e_ch32_15.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_15_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plants can sense and respond to herbivores. morris2e_ch32_16.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_16_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Plants produce volatile signals that attract insects that prey upon herbivores. morris2e_ch32_17.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_17_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Nutrient-rich environments select for plants that allocate more resources to growth than to defense. morris2e_ch32_18.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_18_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Exposure to multiple threats can lead to trade-offs. morris2e_ch32_19.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_19_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
32.4 Defense and Plant Diversity morris2e_ch32_20.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_20_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
The evolution of new defenses may allow plants to diversify. morris2e_ch32_21.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_21_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Pathogens, herbivores, and seed predators can increase plant diversity. morris2e_ch32_22.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_22_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Case 6: Can modifying plants genetically protect crops from herbivores and pathogens? morris2e_ch32_23.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_23_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Chapter 32 Summarymorris2e_ch32_24.html563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch32_24_dlap.xml563bb9d7757a2e862a000000
Chapter 33 Introductionmorris2e_ch33_1.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_1_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
33.1 Plant Diversity: An Evolutionary Overview morris2e_ch33_2.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_2_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Four major transformations in life cycle and structure characterize the evolutionary history of plants. morris2e_ch33_3.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_3_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Plant diversity has changed over time. morris2e_ch33_4.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_4_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
33.2 Bryophytes morris2e_ch33_5.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_5_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Bryophytes are small, simple, and tough. morris2e_ch33_6.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_6_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
The small gametophytes and unbranched sporophytes of bryophytes are adaptations for reproducing on land. morris2e_ch33_7.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_7_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Bryophytes exhibit several cases of convergent evolution with the vascular plants. morris2e_ch33_8.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_8_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Sphagnum moss plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. morris2e_ch33_9.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_9_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
33.3 Spore-Dispersing Vascular Plants morris2e_ch33_10.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_10_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Rhynie cherts provide a window into the early evolution of vascular plants. morris2e_ch33_11.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_11_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Lycophytes are the sister group of all other vascular plants. morris2e_ch33_12.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_12_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Ancient lycophytes included giant trees that dominated coal swamps about 320 million years ago. morris2e_ch33_13.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_13_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Ferns and horsetails are morphologically and ecologically diverse. morris2e_ch33_14.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_14_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Fern diversity has been strongly affected by the evolution of angiosperms. morris2e_ch33_15.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_15_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
An aquatic fern contributes to rice production. morris2e_ch33_16.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_16_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
33.4 Gymnosperms morris2e_ch33_17.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_17_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Cycads and ginkgos are the earliest diverging groups of living gymnosperms. morris2e_ch33_18.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_18_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Conifers are woody plants that thrive in dry and cold climates. morris2e_ch33_19.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_19_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Gnetophytes are gymnosperms that have independently evolved xylem vessels and double fertilization. morris2e_ch33_20.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_20_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
33.5 Angiosperms morris2e_ch33_21.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_21_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Angiosperms may have originated in the shady understory of tropical forests. morris2e_ch33_22.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_22_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Angiosperm diversity results from flowers and xylem vessels, among other traits, as well as coevolutionary interactions with animals and other organisms. morris2e_ch33_23.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_23_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Monocots are diverse in shape and size despite not forming a vascular cambium. morris2e_ch33_24.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_24_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Eudicots are the most diverse group of angiosperms. morris2e_ch33_25.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_25_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Case 6: What can be done to protect the genetic diversity of crop species? morris2e_ch33_26.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_26_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Chapter 33 Summarymorris2e_ch33_27.html563bc113757a2e312d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch33_27_dlap.xml563bc113757a2e312d000000
Chapter 34 Introductionmorris2e_ch34_1.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_1_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
34.1 Growth and Nutrition morris2e_ch34_2.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_2_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Hyphae permit fungi to explore their environment for food resources. morris2e_ch34_3.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_3_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Fungi transport materials within their hyphae. morris2e_ch34_4.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_4_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Not all fungi produce hyphae. morris2e_ch34_5.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_5_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Fungi are principal decomposers of plant tissues. morris2e_ch34_6.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_6_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Fungi are important plant and animal pathogens. morris2e_ch34_7.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_7_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Many fungi form symbiotic associations with plants and animals. morris2e_ch34_8.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_8_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Lichens are symbioses between a fungus and a green alga or a cyanobacterium. morris2e_ch34_9.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_9_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
34.2 Reproduction morris2e_ch34_10.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_10_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Fungi proliferate and disperse using spores. morris2e_ch34_11.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_11_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Multicellular fruiting bodies facilitate the dispersal of sexually produced spores. morris2e_ch34_12.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_12_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
The fungal life cycle often includes a stage in which haploid cells fuse, but nuclei do not. morris2e_ch34_13.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_13_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Genetically distinct mating types promote outcrossing. morris2e_ch34_14.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_14_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
34.3 Diversity morris2e_ch34_15.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_15_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Fungi are highly diverse. morris2e_ch34_16.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_16_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Fungi evolved from aquatic, unicellular, and flagellated ancestors. morris2e_ch34_17.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_17_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Zygomycetes produce hyphae undivided by septa. morris2e_ch34_18.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_18_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Glomeromycetes form endomycorrhizae. morris2e_ch34_19.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_19_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
The Dikarya produce regular septa during mitosis. morris2e_ch34_20.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_20_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Ascomycetes are the most diverse group of fungi. morris2e_ch34_21.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_21_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Basidiomycetes include smuts, rusts, and mushrooms. morris2e_ch34_22.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_22_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Case 6: How do fungi threaten global wheat production? morris2e_ch34_23.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_23_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Chapter 34 Summarymorris2e_ch34_24.html563bc259757a2e692a000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch34_24_dlap.xml563bc259757a2e692a000000
Chapter 35 Introductionmorris2e_ch35_1.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_1_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
35.1 Nervous System Function and Evolution morris2e_ch35_2.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_2_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Animal nervous systems have three types of nerve cell. morris2e_ch35_3.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_3_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Nervous systems range from simple to complex. morris2e_ch35_4.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_4_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Case 7: What body features arose as adaptations for successful predation? morris2e_ch35_5.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_5_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
35.2 Neuron Structure morris2e_ch35_6.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_6_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Neurons share a common organization. morris2e_ch35_7.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_7_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Neurons differ in size and shape. morris2e_ch35_8.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_8_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Neurons are supported by other types of cell. morris2e_ch35_9.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_9_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
35.3 Neuron Function morris2e_ch35_10.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_10_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
The resting membrane potential is negative and results in part from the movement of potassium ions. morris2e_ch35_11.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_11_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Neurons are excitable cells that transmit information by action potentials. morris2e_ch35_12.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_12_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Neurons propagate action potentials along their axons by sequentially opening and closing adjacent Na+ and K+ ion channels. morris2e_ch35_13.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_13_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Neurons communicate at synapses. morris2e_ch35_14.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_14_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Signals between neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. morris2e_ch35_15.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_15_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
35.4 Nervous System Organization morris2e_ch35_16.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_16_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Nervous systems are organized into peripheral and central components. morris2e_ch35_17.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_17_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Peripheral nervous systems have voluntary and involuntary components. morris2e_ch35_18.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_18_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
The nervous system helps to maintain homeostasis. morris2e_ch35_19.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_19_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Simple reflex circuits provide rapid responses to stimuli. morris2e_ch35_20.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_20_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Chapter 35 Summarymorris2e_ch35_21.html563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch35_21_dlap.xml563bc4c8757a2e3f2d000000
Chapter 36 Introductionmorris2e_ch36_1.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_1_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
36.1 Animal Sensory Systems morris2e_ch36_2.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_2_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Specialized sensory receptors detect diverse stimuli. morris2e_ch36_3.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_3_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Chemoreceptors are universally present in animals. morris2e_ch36_4.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_4_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Mechanoreceptors are a second general class of ancient sensory receptors. morris2e_ch36_5.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_5_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Electromagnetic receptors sense light, thermoreceptors sense temperature, and nociceptors sense pain. morris2e_ch36_6.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_6_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Stimuli are transmitted by changes in the firing rate of action potentials. morris2e_ch36_7.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_7_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
36.2 Smell and Taste morris2e_ch36_8.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_8_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Smell and taste depend on chemoreception of molecules carried in the environment and in food. morris2e_ch36_9.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_9_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
36.3 Gravity, Movement, and Sound morris2e_ch36_10.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_10_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Hair cells sense gravity and motion. morris2e_ch36_11.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_11_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Hair cells detect the physical vibrations of sound. morris2e_ch36_12.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_12_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Case 7: How have sensory systems evolved in predators and prey? morris2e_ch36_13.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_13_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
36.4 Vision morris2e_ch36_14.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_14_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Animals see the world through different types of eyes. morris2e_ch36_15.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_15_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
The structure and function of the vertebrate eye underlie image processing. morris2e_ch36_16.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_16_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Vertebrate photoreceptors are unusual because they hyperpolarize in response to light. morris2e_ch36_17.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_17_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Color vision detects different wavelengths of light. morris2e_ch36_18.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_18_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Local sensory processing of light determines basic features of shape and movement. morris2e_ch36_19.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_19_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
36.5 Brain Organization and Function morris2e_ch36_20.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_20_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
The brain processes and integrates information received from different sensory systems. morris2e_ch36_21.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_21_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
The brain is divided into lobes with specialized functions. morris2e_ch36_22.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_22_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Information is topographically mapped into the vertebrate cerebral cortex. morris2e_ch36_23.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_23_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
36.6 Memory and Cognition morris2e_ch36_24.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_24_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
The brain serves an important role in memory and learning. morris2e_ch36_25.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_25_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Cognition involves brain information processing and decision making. morris2e_ch36_26.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_26_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Chapter 36 Summarymorris2e_ch36_27.html563c30a2757a2e2539000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch36_27_dlap.xml563c30a2757a2e2539000000
Chapter 37 Introductionmorris2e_ch37_1.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_1_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
37.1 Muscles: Biological Motors That Generate Force and Produce Movement morris2e_ch37_2.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_2_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscles use chemical energy to produce force and movement. morris2e_ch37_3.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_3_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscles can be striated or smooth. morris2e_ch37_4.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_4_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers are organized into repeating contractile units called sarcomeres. morris2e_ch37_5.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_5_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscles contract by the sliding of myosin and actin filaments. morris2e_ch37_6.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_6_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Calcium regulates actin–myosin interaction through excitation–contraction coupling. morris2e_ch37_7.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_7_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Calmodulin regulates Ca2+ activation and relaxation of smooth muscle. morris2e_ch37_8.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_8_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
37.2 Muscle Contractile Properties morris2e_ch37_9.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_9_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscle length affects actin–myosin overlap and generation of force. morris2e_ch37_10.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_10_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscle force and shortening velocity are inversely related. morris2e_ch37_11.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_11_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Antagonist pairs of muscles produce reciprocal motions at a joint. morris2e_ch37_12.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_12_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscle force is summed by an increase in stimulation frequency and the recruitment of motor units. morris2e_ch37_13.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_13_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Skeletal muscles have slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers. morris2e_ch37_14.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_14_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Case 7: How do different types of muscle fiber affect the speed of predators and prey? morris2e_ch37_15.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_15_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
37.3 Animal Skeletons morris2e_ch37_16.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_16_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Hydrostatic skeletons support animals by muscles that act on a fluid-filled cavity. morris2e_ch37_17.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_17_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Exoskeletons provide hard external support and protection. morris2e_ch37_18.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_18_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
The rigid bones of vertebrate endoskeletons are jointed for motion and can be repaired if damaged. morris2e_ch37_19.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_19_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
37.4 Vertebrate Skeletons morris2e_ch37_20.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_20_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Vertebrate bones form directly or by forming a cartilage model first. morris2e_ch37_21.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_21_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Two main types of bone are compact and spongy bone. morris2e_ch37_22.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_22_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Bones grow in length and width, and can be repaired. morris2e_ch37_23.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_23_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Joint shape determines range of motion and skeletal muscle organization. morris2e_ch37_24.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_24_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Muscles exert forces by skeletal levers to produce joint motion. morris2e_ch37_25.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_25_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Chapter 37 Summarymorris2e_ch37_26.html563c33c0757a2e1741000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch37_26_dlap.xml563c33c0757a2e1741000000
Chapter 38 Introductionmorris2e_ch38_1.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_1_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
38.1 An Overview of Endocrine Function morris2e_ch38_2.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_2_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
The endocrine system helps to regulate an organism’s response to its environment. morris2e_ch38_3.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_3_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
The endocrine system regulates growth and development. morris2e_ch38_4.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_4_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
The endocrine system underlies homeostasis. morris2e_ch38_5.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_5_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
38.2 Properties of Hormones morris2e_ch38_6.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_6_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Hormones act specifically on cells that bind the hormone. morris2e_ch38_7.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_7_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Two main classes of hormone are peptide and amines, and steroid hormones. morris2e_ch38_8.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_8_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Hormonal signals are amplified to strengthen their effect. morris2e_ch38_9.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_9_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Hormones are evolutionarily conserved molecules with diverse functions. morris2e_ch38_10.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_10_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
38.3 The Vertebrate Endocrine System morris2e_ch38_11.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_11_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
The pituitary gland integrates diverse bodily functions by secreting hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus. morris2e_ch38_12.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_12_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Many targets of pituitary hormones are endocrine tissues that also secrete hormones. morris2e_ch38_13.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_13_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Other endocrine organs have diverse functions. morris2e_ch38_14.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_14_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Case 7: How does the endocrine system influence predators and prey? morris2e_ch38_15.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_15_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
38.4 Other Forms of Chemical Communication morris2e_ch38_16.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_16_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Local chemical signals regulate neighboring target cells. morris2e_ch38_17.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_17_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Pheromones are chemical compounds released into the environment to signal physiological and behavioral changes in other species members. morris2e_ch38_18.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_18_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Chapter 38 Summarymorris2e_ch38_19.html563c35b0757a2e663e000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch38_19_dlap.xml563c35b0757a2e663e000000
Chapter 39 Introductionmorris2e_ch39_1.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_1_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
39.1 Delivery of Oxygen and Elimination of Carbon Dioxide morris2e_ch39_2.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_2_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Diffusion governs gas exchange over short distances. morris2e_ch39_3.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_3_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Bulk flow moves fluid over long distances. morris2e_ch39_4.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_4_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
39.2 Respiratory Gas Exchange morris2e_ch39_5.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_5_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Many aquatic animals breathe through gills. morris2e_ch39_6.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_6_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Insects breathe air through tracheae. morris2e_ch39_7.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_7_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Most terrestrial vertebrates breathe by tidal ventilation of internal lungs. morris2e_ch39_8.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_8_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Mammalian lungs are well adapted for gas exchange. morris2e_ch39_9.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_9_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
The structure of bird lungs allows unidirectional airflow for increased oxygen uptake. morris2e_ch39_10.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_10_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Voluntary and involuntary mechanisms control breathing. morris2e_ch39_11.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_11_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
39.3 Oxygen Transport by Hemoglobin morris2e_ch39_12.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_12_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Blood is composed of fluid and several types of cell. morris2e_ch39_13.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_13_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Hemoglobin is an ancient molecule with diverse roles related to oxygen binding and transport. morris2e_ch39_14.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_14_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Hemoglobin reversibly binds oxygen. morris2e_ch39_15.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_15_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Myoglobin stores oxygen, enhancing delivery to muscle mitochondria. morris2e_ch39_16.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_16_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Many factors affect hemoglobin–oxygen binding. morris2e_ch39_17.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_17_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
39.4 Circulatory Systems morris2e_ch39_18.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_18_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Circulatory systems have vessels of different sizes to facilitate bulk flow and diffusion. morris2e_ch39_19.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_19_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Arteries are muscular, elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure. morris2e_ch39_20.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_20_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Veins are thin-walled vessels that return blood to the heart under low pressure. morris2e_ch39_21.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_21_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Compounds and fluid move across capillary walls by diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. morris2e_ch39_22.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_22_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Case 7: How do hormones and nerves provide homeostatic regulation of blood flow as well as allow an animal to respond to stress? morris2e_ch39_23.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_23_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
39.5 The Evolution, Structure, and Function of the Heart morris2e_ch39_24.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_24_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Fish have two-chambered hearts and a single circulatory system. morris2e_ch39_25.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_25_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Amphibians and reptiles have three-chambered hearts and partially divided circulations. morris2e_ch39_26.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_26_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Mammals and birds have four-chambered hearts and fully divided pulmonary and systemic circulations. morris2e_ch39_27.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_27_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected to contract in synchrony. morris2e_ch39_28.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_28_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Heart rate and cardiac output are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. morris2e_ch39_29.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_29_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Chapter 39 Summarymorris2e_ch39_30.html563c3832757a2e4941000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch39_30_dlap.xml563c3832757a2e4941000000
Chapter 40 Introductionmorris2e_ch40_1.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_1_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
40.1 Patterns of Animal Metabolism morris2e_ch40_2.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_2_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Animals rely on anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. morris2e_ch40_3.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_3_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Metabolic rate varies with activity level. morris2e_ch40_4.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_4_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Case 7: Does body temperature limit activity level in predators and prey? morris2e_ch40_5.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_5_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Metabolic rate is affected by body size. morris2e_ch40_6.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_6_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Metabolic rate is linked to body temperature. morris2e_ch40_7.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_7_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
40.2 Animal Nutrition and Diet morris2e_ch40_8.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_8_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Energy balance is a form of homeostasis. morris2e_ch40_9.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_9_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
An animal’s diet must supply nutrients that it cannot synthesize. morris2e_ch40_10.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_10_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
40.3 Adaptations for Feeding morris2e_ch40_11.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_11_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Suspension filter feeding is common in many aquatic animals. morris2e_ch40_12.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_12_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Large aquatic animals apprehend prey by suction feeding and active swimming. morris2e_ch40_13.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_13_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Jaws and teeth provide specialized food capture and mechanical breakdown of food. morris2e_ch40_14.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_14_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
40.4 Digestion and Absorption of Food morris2e_ch40_15.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_15_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
The digestive tract has regional specializations. morris2e_ch40_16.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_16_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Digestion begins in the mouth. morris2e_ch40_17.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_17_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Further digestion and storage of nutrients take place in the stomach. morris2e_ch40_18.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_18_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Final digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the small intestine. morris2e_ch40_19.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_19_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
The large intestine absorbs water and stores waste. morris2e_ch40_20.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_20_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
The lining of the digestive tract is composed of distinct layers. morris2e_ch40_21.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_21_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Plant-eating animals have specialized digestive tracts that reflect their diets. morris2e_ch40_22.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_22_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Chapter 40 Summarymorris2e_ch40_23.html563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch40_23_dlap.xml563c38e4757a2e1f36000000
Chapter 41 Introductionmorris2e_ch41_1.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_1_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
41.1 Water and Electrolyte Balance morris2e_ch41_2.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_2_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Osmosis governs the movement of water across cell membranes. morris2e_ch41_3.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_3_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Osmoregulation is the control of osmotic pressure inside cells and organisms. morris2e_ch41_4.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_4_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Osmoconformers match their internal solute concentration to that of the environment. morris2e_ch41_5.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_5_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Osmoregulators have internal solute concentrations that differ from that of their environment. morris2e_ch41_6.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_6_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Case 7: Can the loss of water and electrolytes in exercise be exploited as a strategy to hunt prey? morris2e_ch41_7.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_7_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
41.2 Excretion of Wastes morris2e_ch41_8.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_8_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The excretion of nitrogenous wastes is linked to an animal’s habitat and evolutionary history. morris2e_ch41_9.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_9_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Excretory organs work by filtration, reabsorption and secretion. morris2e_ch41_10.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_10_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Animals have diverse excretory organs. morris2e_ch41_11.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_11_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Vertebrates filter blood under pressure through paired kidneys. morris2e_ch41_12.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_12_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
41.3 Structure and Function of the Mammalian Kidney morris2e_ch41_13.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_13_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The mammalian kidney has an outer cortex and inner medulla. morris2e_ch41_14.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_14_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Glomerular filtration isolates wastes carried by the blood along with water and small solutes. morris2e_ch41_15.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_15_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs solutes by active transport. morris2e_ch41_16.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_16_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The loop of Henle acts as a countercurrent multiplier to create a concentration gradient from the cortex to the medulla. morris2e_ch41_17.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_17_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The distal convoluted tubule secretes additional wastes. morris2e_ch41_18.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_18_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The final concentration of urine is determined in the collecting ducts and is under hormonal control. morris2e_ch41_19.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_19_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
The kidneys help regulate blood pressure and blood volume. morris2e_ch41_20.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_20_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Chapter 41 Summarymorris2e_ch41_21.html563c39b3757a2ed243000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch41_21_dlap.xml563c39b3757a2ed243000000
Chapter 42 Introductionmorris2e_ch42_1.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_1_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
42.1 The Evolutionary History of Reproduction morris2e_ch42_2.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_2_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Asexual reproduction produces clones. morris2e_ch42_3.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_3_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Sexual reproduction involves the formation and fusion of gametes. morris2e_ch42_4.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_4_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Many species reproduce both sexually and asexually. morris2e_ch42_5.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_5_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Exclusive asexuality is often an evolutionary dead end. morris2e_ch42_6.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_6_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
42.2 Movement Onto Land and Reproductive Adaptations morris2e_ch42_7.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_7_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Fertilization can take place externally or internally. morris2e_ch42_8.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_8_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
r-strategists and K-strategists differ in number of offspring and parental care. morris2e_ch42_9.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_9_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Animals either lay eggs or give birth to live young. morris2e_ch42_10.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_10_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
42.3 Human Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology morris2e_ch42_11.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_11_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
The male reproductive system is specialized for the production and delivery of sperm. morris2e_ch42_12.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_12_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
The female reproductive system produces eggs and supports the developing embryo. morris2e_ch42_13.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_13_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Hormones regulate the human reproductive system. morris2e_ch42_14.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_14_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
42.4 Gamete Formation to Birth in Humans morris2e_ch42_15.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_15_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Male and female gametogenesis have both shared and distinct features. morris2e_ch42_16.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_16_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an oocyte. morris2e_ch42_17.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_17_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
The first trimester includes cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. morris2e_ch42_18.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_18_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
The second and third trimesters are characterized by fetal growth. morris2e_ch42_19.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_19_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Childbirth is initiated by hormonal changes. morris2e_ch42_20.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_20_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Chapter 42 Summarymorris2e_ch42_21.html563c3c81757a2e0059000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch42_21_dlap.xml563c3c81757a2e0059000000
Chapter 43 Introductionmorris2e_ch43_1.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_1_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
43.1 An Overview of the Immune System morris2e_ch43_2.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_2_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Pathogens cause disease. morris2e_ch43_3.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_3_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The immune system distinguishes self from nonself. morris2e_ch43_4.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_4_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The immune system consists of innate and adaptive immunity. morris2e_ch43_5.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_5_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
43.2 Innate Immunity morris2e_ch43_6.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_6_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The skin and mucous membranes provide the first line of defense against infection. morris2e_ch43_7.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_7_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
White blood cells provide a second line of defense against pathogens. morris2e_ch43_8.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_8_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Phagocytes recognize foreign molecules and send signals to other cells. morris2e_ch43_9.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_9_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Inflammation is a coordinated response to tissue injury. morris2e_ch43_10.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_10_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The complement system participates in the innate and adaptive immune systems. morris2e_ch43_11.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_11_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
43.3 Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Antibodies morris2e_ch43_12.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_12_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
B cells produce antibodies. morris2e_ch43_13.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_13_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Mammals produce five classes of antibody with different functions. morris2e_ch43_14.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_14_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Clonal selection is the basis for antibody specificity. morris2e_ch43_15.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_15_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Clonal selection also explains immunological memory. morris2e_ch43_16.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_16_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Genomic rearrangement generates antibody diversity. morris2e_ch43_17.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_17_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
43.4 Adaptive Immunity: T Cells and Cell-Mediated Immunity morris2e_ch43_18.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_18_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
T cells include helper and cytotoxic cells. morris2e_ch43_19.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_19_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
T cells have T cell receptors on their surface that recognize an antigen in association with MHC proteins. morris2e_ch43_20.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_20_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The ability to distinguish between self and nonself is acquired during T cell maturation. morris2e_ch43_21.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_21_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
43.5 Three Pathogens: A Virus, Bacterium, and Eukaryote morris2e_ch43_22.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_22_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The flu virus evades the immune system by antigenic drift and shift. morris2e_ch43_23.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_23_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Tuberculosis is caused by a slow-growing, intracellular bacterium. morris2e_ch43_24.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_24_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
The malaria parasite changes surface molecules by antigenic variation. morris2e_ch43_25.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_25_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Chapter 43 Summarymorris2e_ch43_26.html563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch43_26_dlap.xml563c3f37757a2ecd43000000
Chapter 44 Introductionmorris2e_ch44_1.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_1_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
44.1 A Tree of Life for More Than a Million Animal Species morris2e_ch44_2.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_2_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Phylogenetic trees propose an evolutionary history of animals. morris2e_ch44_3.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_3_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Morphology and development provide clues to animal phylogeny. morris2e_ch44_4.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_4_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Molecular sequence comparisons have confirmed some relationships and raised new questions. morris2e_ch44_5.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_5_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
44.2 The Simplest Animals: Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Placozoans morris2e_ch44_6.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_6_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Sponges are simple and widespread in the oceans. morris2e_ch44_7.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_7_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Cnidarians are the architects of life’s largest constructions: coral reefs. morris2e_ch44_8.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_8_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Ctenophores and placozoans represent the extremes of body organization among animals that branch from early nodes. morris2e_ch44_9.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_9_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Branching relationships among early nodes on the animal tree remain uncertain. morris2e_ch44_10.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_10_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
The discovery of new animals with a unique body plan complicates phylogenetic hypotheses still further. morris2e_ch44_11.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_11_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
44.3 Bilaterian Animals morris2e_ch44_12.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_12_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Lophotrochozoans make up nearly half of all animal phyla, including the diverse and ecologically important annelids and mollusks. morris2e_ch44_13.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_13_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Ecdysozoans include nematodes, the most numerous animals, and arthropods, the most diverse. morris2e_ch44_14.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_14_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Deuterostomes include humans and other chordates, and also acorn worms and sea stars. morris2e_ch44_15.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_15_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Chordates include vertebrates, cephalochordates, and tunicates. morris2e_ch44_16.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_16_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
44.4 Vertebrate Diversity morris2e_ch44_17.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_17_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Fish are the earliest-branching and most diverse vertebrate animals. morris2e_ch44_18.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_18_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
The common ancestor of tetrapods had four limbs. morris2e_ch44_19.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_19_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Amniotes evolved terrestrial eggs. morris2e_ch44_20.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_20_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
44.5 The Evolutionary History of Animals morris2e_ch44_21.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_21_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Fossils and phylogeny show that animal forms were initially simple but rapidly evolved complexity. morris2e_ch44_22.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_22_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
The animal body plans we see today emerged during the Cambrian Period. morris2e_ch44_23.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_23_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Tabulations of described fossils show that animal diversity has been shaped by both radiation and mass extinction over the past 500 million years. morris2e_ch44_24.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_24_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Animals began to colonize the land 420 million years ago. morris2e_ch44_25.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_25_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Case 8: How have reefs changed through time? morris2e_ch44_26.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_26_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Chapter 44 Summarymorris2e_ch44_27.html563c416f757a2e2541000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch44_27_dlap.xml563c416f757a2e2541000000
Chapter 45 Introductionmorris2e_ch45_1.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_1_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
45.1 Tinbergen’s Questions morris2e_ch45_2.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_2_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
45.2 Dissecting Behavior morris2e_ch45_3.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_3_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
The fixed action pattern is a stereotyped behavior. morris2e_ch45_4.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_4_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
The nervous system processes stimuli and evokes behaviors. morris2e_ch45_5.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_5_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Hormones can trigger certain behaviors. morris2e_ch45_6.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_6_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Breeding experiments can help determine the degree to which a behavior is genetic. morris2e_ch45_7.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_7_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Molecular techniques provide new ways of testing the role of genes in behavior. morris2e_ch45_8.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_8_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
45.3 Learning morris2e_ch45_9.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_9_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Non-associative learning occurs without linking two events. morris2e_ch45_10.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_10_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Associative learning occurs when two events are linked. morris2e_ch45_11.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_11_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Learning is an adaptation. morris2e_ch45_12.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_12_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
45.4 Orientation, Navigation, and Biological Clocks morris2e_ch45_13.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_13_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Orientation involves a directed response to a stimulus. morris2e_ch45_14.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_14_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Navigation is demonstrated by the remarkable ability of homing in birds. morris2e_ch45_15.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_15_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Biological clocks provide important time cues for many behaviors. morris2e_ch45_16.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_16_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
45.5 Communication morris2e_ch45_17.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_17_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Communication is the transfer of information between a sender and receiver. morris2e_ch45_18.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_18_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Some forms of communication are complex and learned during a sensitive period. morris2e_ch45_19.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_19_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Other forms of communication convey specific information. morris2e_ch45_20.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_20_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
45.6 Social Behavior morris2e_ch45_21.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_21_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Group selection is a weak explanation of altruistic behavior. morris2e_ch45_22.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_22_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Reciprocal altruism is one way that altruism can evolve. morris2e_ch45_23.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_23_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
The concept of kin selection is based on the idea that it is possible to contribute genetically to future generations by helping close relatives. morris2e_ch45_24.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_24_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Chapter 45 Summarymorris2e_ch45_25.html563c4327757a2e4841000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch45_25_dlap.xml563c4327757a2e4841000000
Chapter 46 Introductionmorris2e_ch46_1.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_1_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
46.1 Populations and Their Properties morris2e_ch46_2.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_2_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
A population includes all the individuals of a species in a particular place. morris2e_ch46_3.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_3_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Three key features of a population are its size, range, and density. morris2e_ch46_4.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_4_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Ecologists estimate population size by sampling. morris2e_ch46_5.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_5_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
46.2 Population Growth and Decline morris2e_ch46_6.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_6_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Population size is affected by birth, death, immigration, and emigration. morris2e_ch46_7.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_7_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Exponential growth is characterized by a constant per capita growth rate. morris2e_ch46_8.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_8_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals a habitat can support. morris2e_ch46_9.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_9_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Logistic growth produces an S-shaped curve and describes the growth of many natural populations. morris2e_ch46_10.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_10_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Factors that influence population growth can be dependent on or independent of its density. morris2e_ch46_11.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_11_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
46.3 Age-Structured Population Growth morris2e_ch46_12.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_12_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Birth and death rates vary with age and environment. morris2e_ch46_13.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_13_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Survivorship curves record changes in survival probability over an organism’s life-span. morris2e_ch46_14.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_14_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Patterns of survivorship vary among organisms. morris2e_ch46_15.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_15_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Reproductive patterns reflect the predictability of a species’ environment. morris2e_ch46_16.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_16_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
The life history of an organism shows trade-offs among physiological functions. morris2e_ch46_17.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_17_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
46.4 Metapopulation Dynamics morris2e_ch46_18.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_18_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
A metapopulation is a group of populations linked by immigrants. morris2e_ch46_19.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_19_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Island biogeography explains species diversity on habitat islands. morris2e_ch46_20.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_20_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Case 8: How do islands promote species diversification? morris2e_ch46_21.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_21_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Chapter 46 Summarymorris2e_ch46_22.html563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch46_22_dlap.xml563cdae3757a2eea1c000000
Chapter 47 Introductionmorris2e_ch47_1.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_1_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
47.1 The Niche morris2e_ch47_2.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_2_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
The niche is a species’ place in nature. morris2e_ch47_3.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_3_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
The realized niche of a species is more restricted than its fundamental niche. morris2e_ch47_4.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_4_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Niches are shaped by evolutionary history. morris2e_ch47_5.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_5_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
47.2 Antagonistic Interactions Between Species morris2e_ch47_6.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_6_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Limited resources foster competition. morris2e_ch47_7.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_7_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Competitive exclusion can prevent two species from occupying the same niche at the same time. morris2e_ch47_8.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_8_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Case 8: Can competition drive species diversification? morris2e_ch47_9.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_9_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Species compete for resources other than food. morris2e_ch47_10.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_10_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Predation, parasitism, and herbivory are interactions in which one species benefits at the expense of another. morris2e_ch47_11.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_11_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Facilitation can occur when two species prey on a third species. morris2e_ch47_12.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_12_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
47.3 Mutualistic Interactions Between Species morris2e_ch47_13.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_13_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Mutualisms are interactions between species that benefit both participants. morris2e_ch47_14.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_14_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Mutualisms may evolve increasing interdependence. morris2e_ch47_15.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_15_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Digestive symbioses recycle plant material. morris2e_ch47_16.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_16_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Mutualisms may be obligate or facultative. morris2e_ch47_17.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_17_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
The costs and benefits of species interactions can change over time. morris2e_ch47_18.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_18_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
47.4 Ecological Communities morris2e_ch47_19.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_19_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Species that live in the same place make up communities. morris2e_ch47_20.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_20_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Case 8: How is biodiversity measured? morris2e_ch47_21.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_21_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
One species can have a great effect on all other members of the community. morris2e_ch47_22.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_22_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Keystone species have disproportionate effects on communities. morris2e_ch47_23.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_23_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Disturbance can modify community composition. morris2e_ch47_24.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_24_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Succession describes the community response to new habitats or disturbance. morris2e_ch47_25.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_25_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
47.5 Ecosystems morris2e_ch47_26.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_26_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Species interactions result in food webs that cycle carbon and other elements through ecosystems. morris2e_ch47_27.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_27_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Species interactions form trophic pyramids that transfer energy through ecosystems. morris2e_ch47_28.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_28_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Light, water, nutrients, and diversity all influence rates of primary production. morris2e_ch47_29.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_29_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Chapter 47 Summarymorris2e_ch47_30.html563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch47_30_dlap.xml563ce0a9757a2eea1c000001
Chapter 48 Introductionmorris2e_ch48_1.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_1_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
48.1 The Physical Basis of Climate morris2e_ch48_2.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_2_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
The principal control on Earth’s surface temperature is the angle at which solar radiation strikes the surface. morris2e_ch48_3.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_3_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Heat is transported toward the poles by wind and ocean currents. morris2e_ch48_4.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_4_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Global circulation patterns determine patterns of rainfall, but topography also matters. morris2e_ch48_5.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_5_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
48.2 Biomes morris2e_ch48_6.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_6_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Terrestrial biomes reflect the distribution of climate. morris2e_ch48_7.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_7_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Aquatic biomes reflect climate, and also the availability of nutrients and oxygen and the depth to which sunlight penetrates through water. morris2e_ch48_8.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_8_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
48.3 Global Ecology: Cycling Bioessential Elements morris2e_ch48_9.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_9_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
The biological carbon cycle shapes ecological interactions and reflects evolution. morris2e_ch48_10.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_10_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
The nitrogen cycle also reflects the interplay between ecology and evolution. morris2e_ch48_11.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_11_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Phosphorus cycles through ecosystems, supporting primary production. morris2e_ch48_12.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_12_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Global patterns of primary production reflect variations in climate and nutrient availability. morris2e_ch48_13.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_13_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
48.4 Global Biodiversity morris2e_ch48_14.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_14_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Case 8: Why does biodiversity decrease from the equator toward the poles? morris2e_ch48_15.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_15_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Evolutionary and ecological history underpins diversity. morris2e_ch48_16.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_16_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Chapter 48 Summarymorris2e_ch48_17.html563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch48_17_dlap.xml563ce92c757a2eea1c000002
Chapter 49 Introductionmorris2e_ch49_1.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_1_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
49.1 The Anthropocene Period morris2e_ch49_2.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_2_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Humans are a major force on the planet. morris2e_ch49_3.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_3_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
49.2 Human Influence On the Carbon Cycle morris2e_ch49_4.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_4_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased, so has mean surface temperature. morris2e_ch49_5.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_5_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Changing environments affect species distribution and community composition. morris2e_ch49_6.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_6_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Case 8: How has global environmental change affected coral reefs around the world? morris2e_ch49_7.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_7_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
What can be done? morris2e_ch49_8.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_8_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
49.3 Human Influence On the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles morris2e_ch49_9.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_9_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Nitrogen fertilizer transported to lakes and the sea causes eutrophication. morris2e_ch49_10.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_10_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Phosphate fertilizer is also used in agriculture, but has finite sources. morris2e_ch49_11.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_11_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
What can be done? morris2e_ch49_12.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_12_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
49.4 Human Influence On Evolution morris2e_ch49_13.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_13_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Human activities have reduced the quality and size of many habitats, decreasing the number of species they can support. morris2e_ch49_14.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_14_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Overexploitation threatens species and disrupts ecological relationships within communities. morris2e_ch49_15.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_15_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Humans play an important role in the dispersal of species. morris2e_ch49_16.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_16_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Humans have altered the selective landscape for many pathogens. morris2e_ch49_17.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_17_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Are amphibians ecology’s “canary in the coal mine”? morris2e_ch49_18.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_18_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
49.5 Conservation Biology morris2e_ch49_19.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_19_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Case 8: What are our conservation priorities? morris2e_ch49_20.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_20_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Conservation biologists have a diverse toolkit for confronting threats to biodiversity. morris2e_ch49_21.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_21_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Global change provides new challenges for conservation biology in the 21st century. morris2e_ch49_22.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_22_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Sustainable development provides a strategy for conserving biodiversity while meeting the needs of the human population. morris2e_ch49_23.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_23_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
49.6 Scientists and Citizens in the 21st Century morris2e_ch49_24.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_24_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Chapter 49 Summarymorris2e_ch49_25.html563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch49_25_dlap.xml563cec9f757a2e8b22000000
Case 1. The First Cell: Life’s Origins morris2e_ch201_1.html563cef28757a2e3e25000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch201_1_dlap.xml563cef28757a2e3e25000000
Case 2. Cancer: When Good Cells Go Bad morris2e_ch202_1.html563cf11b757a2e6725000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch202_1_dlap.xml563cf11b757a2e6725000000
Case 3. You, from A to T: Your Personal Genome morris2e_ch203_1.html563cf24c757a2e0627000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch203_1_dlap.xml563cf24c757a2e0627000000
Case 4. Malaria: Coevolution of Humans and a Parasite morris2e_ch204_1.html563cf3ed757a2e3925000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch204_1_dlap.xml563cf3ed757a2e3925000000
Case 5. The Human Microbiome: Diversity Within morris2e_ch205_1.html563cf523757a2e3a25000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch205_1_dlap.xml563cf523757a2e3a25000000
Case 6. Agriculture: Feeding a Growing Population morris2e_ch206_1.html563cf644757a2e6725000001
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch206_1_dlap.xml563cf644757a2e6725000001
Case 7. Predator–Prey: A Game of Life and Death morris2e_ch207_1.html563cf778757a2e2525000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch207_1_dlap.xml563cf778757a2e2525000000
Case 8. Biodiversity Hotspots: Rain Forests and Coral Reefs morris2e_ch208_1.html563cf8bd757a2e8122000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch208_1_dlap.xml563cf8bd757a2e8122000000
Quick Check Answersmorris2e_ch301_1.html564ad0ac757a2e755f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch301_1_dlap.xml564ad0ac757a2e755f000000
Glossary morris2e_ch301_2.html564ad0ac757a2e755f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch301_2_dlap.xml564ad0ac757a2e755f000000
Index morris2e_ch301_3.html564ad0ac757a2e755f000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch301_3_dlap.xml564ad0ac757a2e755f000000
Copyright Pagemorris2e_ch101_1.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_1_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
About the Authors morris2e_ch101_2.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_2_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Vision and Story of Biology: How Life Works morris2e_ch101_3.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_3_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Rethinking Biology morris2e_ch101_4.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_4_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Rethinking the Textbook Through LaunchPad morris2e_ch101_5.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_5_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Rethinking the Visual Program morris2e_ch101_6.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_6_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Rethinking Assessment morris2e_ch101_7.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_7_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Rethinking Activities morris2e_ch101_8.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_8_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
What’s New in the Second Edition? morris2e_ch101_9.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_9_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Table of Contents morris2e_ch101_10.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_10_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000
Praise for How Life Works morris2e_ch101_11.html565de518757a2edf61000000
DLAP questionsmorris2e_ch101_11_dlap.xml565de518757a2edf61000000