NameFileManuscript
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch1_1.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_1_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
1.1 The Molecules of Life lodish8e_ch1_2.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_2_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Proteins Give Cells Structure and Perform Most Cellular Tasks lodish8e_ch1_3.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_3_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at the Right Time and Place lodish8e_ch1_4.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_4_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Phospholipids Are the Conserved Building Blocks of All Cellular Membranes lodish8e_ch1_5.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_5_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
1.2 Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function lodish8e_ch1_6.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_6_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Prokaryotes Comprise Two Kingdoms: Archaea and Eubacteria lodish8e_ch1_7.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_7_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Escherichia coli Is Widely Used in Biological Research lodish8e_ch1_8.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_8_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
1.3 Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function lodish8e_ch1_9.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_9_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
The Cytoskeleton Has Many Important Functions lodish8e_ch1_10.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_10_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
The Nucleus Contains the DNA Genome, RNA Synthetic Apparatus, and a Fibrous Matrix lodish8e_ch1_11.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_11_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Eukaryotic Cells Contain a Large Number of Internal Membrane Structures lodish8e_ch1_12.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_12_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Mitochondria Are the Principal Sites of ATP Production in Aerobic Cells lodish8e_ch1_13.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_13_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Chloroplasts Contain Internal Compartments in Which Photosynthesis Takes Place lodish8e_ch1_14.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_14_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
All Eukaryotic Cells Use a Similar Cycle to Regulate Their Division lodish8e_ch1_15.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_15_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
1.4 Unicellular Eukaryotic Model Organisms lodish8e_ch1_16.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_16_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Yeasts Are Used to Study Fundamental Aspects of Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function lodish8e_ch1_17.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_17_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Mutations in Yeast Led to the Identification of Key Cell Cycle Proteins lodish8e_ch1_18.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_18_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Studies in the Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Led to the Development of a Powerful Technique to Study Brain Function lodish8e_ch1_19.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_19_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
The Parasite That Causes Malaria Has Novel Organelles That Allow It to Undergo a Remarkable Life Cycle lodish8e_ch1_20.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_20_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
1.5 Metazoan Structure, Differentiation, and Model Organisms lodish8e_ch1_21.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_21_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Multicellularity Requires Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Adhesions lodish8e_ch1_22.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_22_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Epithelia Originated Early in Evolution lodish8e_ch1_23.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_23_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Tissues Are Organized into Organs lodish8e_ch1_24.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_24_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Genomics Has Revealed Important Aspects of Metazoan Evolution and Cell Function lodish8e_ch1_25.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_25_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Embryonic Development Uses a Conserved Set of Master Transcription Factors lodish8e_ch1_26.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_26_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Planaria Are Used to Study Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration lodish8e_ch1_27.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_27_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Invertebrates, Fish, Mice, and Other Organisms Serve as Experimental Systems for Study of Human Development and Disease lodish8e_ch1_28.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_28_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Genetic Diseases Elucidate Important Aspects of Cell Function lodish8e_ch1_29.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_29_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
The Following Chapters Present Much Experimental Data That Explains How We Know What We Know About Cell Structure and Function lodish8e_ch1_30.html56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch1_30_dlap.xml56ff1641757a2ea72e000002
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch2_1.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_1_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
2.1 Covalent Bonds and Noncovalent Interactions lodish8e_ch2_2.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_2_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
The Electronic Structure of an Atom Determines the Number and Geometry of the Covalent Bonds It Can Make lodish8e_ch2_3.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_3_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Electrons May Be Shared Equally or Unequally in Covalent Bonds lodish8e_ch2_4.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_4_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Covalent Bonds Are Much Stronger and More Stable Than Noncovalent Interactions lodish8e_ch2_5.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_5_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Ionic Interactions Are Attractions Between Oppositely Charged Ions lodish8e_ch2_6.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_6_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Hydrogen Bonds Are Noncovalent Interactions That Determine the Water Solubility of Uncharged Molecules lodish8e_ch2_7.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_7_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Van der Waals Interactions Are Weak Attractive Interactions Caused by Transient Dipoles lodish8e_ch2_8.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_8_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
The Hydrophobic Effect Causes Nonpolar Molecules to Adhere to One Another lodish8e_ch2_9.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_9_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Molecular Complementarity Due to Noncovalent Interactions Leads to a Lock-and-Key Fit Between Biomolecules lodish8e_ch2_10.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_10_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Key Concepts of Section 2.1lodish8e_ch2_11.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_11_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
2.2 Chemical Building Blocks of Cells lodish8e_ch2_12.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_12_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Amino Acids Differing Only in Their Side Chains Compose Proteins lodish8e_ch2_13.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_13_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Five Different Nucleotides Are Used to Build Nucleic Acids lodish8e_ch2_14.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_14_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Monosaccharides Covalently Assemble into Linear and Branched Polysaccharides lodish8e_ch2_15.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_15_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Phospholipids Associate Noncovalently to Form the Basic Bilayer Structure of Biomembranes lodish8e_ch2_16.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_16_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Key Concepts of Section 2.2lodish8e_ch2_17.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_17_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
2.3 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium lodish8e_ch2_18.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_18_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
A Chemical Reaction Is in Equilibrium When the Rates of the Forward and Reverse Reactions Are Equal lodish8e_ch2_19.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_19_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
The Equilibrium Constant Reflects the Extent of a Chemical Reaction lodish8e_ch2_20.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_20_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Chemical Reactions in Cells Are at Steady State lodish8e_ch2_21.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_21_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Dissociation Constants of Binding Reactions Reflect the Affinity of Interacting Molecules lodish8e_ch2_22.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_22_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Biological Fluids Have Characteristic pH Values lodish8e_ch2_23.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_23_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Hydrogen Ions Are Released by Acids and Taken Up by Bases lodish8e_ch2_24.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_24_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Buffers Maintain the pH of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids lodish8e_ch2_25.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_25_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Key Concepts of Section 2.3lodish8e_ch2_26.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_26_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
2.4 Biochemical Energetics lodish8e_ch2_27.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_27_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Several Forms of Energy Are Important in Biological Systems lodish8e_ch2_28.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_28_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Cells Can Transform One Type of Energy into Another lodish8e_ch2_29.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_29_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
The Change in Free Energy Determines If a Chemical Reaction Will Occur Spontaneously lodish8e_ch2_30.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_30_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
The ΔG°′ of a Reaction Can Be Calculated from Its Keqlodish8e_ch2_31.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_31_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
The Rate of a Reaction Depends on the Activation Energy Necessary to Energize the Reactants into a Transition State lodish8e_ch2_32.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_32_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Life Depends on the Coupling of Unfavorable Chemical Reactions with Energetically Favorable Ones lodish8e_ch2_33.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_33_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Hydrolysis of ATP Releases Substantial Free Energy and Drives Many Cellular Processes lodish8e_ch2_34.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_34_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
ATP Is Generated During Photosynthesis and Respiration lodish8e_ch2_35.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_35_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
NAD+ and FAD Couple Many Biological Oxidation and Reduction Reactions lodish8e_ch2_36.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_36_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Key Concepts of Section 2.4lodish8e_ch2_37.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_37_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch2_38.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_38_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch2_39.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_39_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
References lodish8e_ch2_40.html57223d4c757a2e0053000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch2_40_dlap.xml57223d4c757a2e0053000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch3_1.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_1_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
3.1 Hierarchical Structure of Proteins lodish8e_ch3_2.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_2_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
The Primary Structure of a Protein Is Its Linear Arrangement of Amino Acids lodish8e_ch3_3.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_3_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Secondary Structures Are the Core Elements of Protein Architecture lodish8e_ch3_4.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_4_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Tertiary Structure Is the Overall Folding of a Polypeptide Chain lodish8e_ch3_5.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_5_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
There Are Four Broad Structural Categories of Proteins lodish8e_ch3_6.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_6_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Different Ways of Depicting the Conformation of Proteins Convey Different Types of Information lodish8e_ch3_7.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_7_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Structural Motifs Are Regular Combinations of Secondary Structures lodish8e_ch3_8.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_8_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Domains Are Modules of Tertiary Structure lodish8e_ch3_9.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_9_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Multiple Polypeptides Assemble into Quaternary Structures and Supramolecular Complexes lodish8e_ch3_10.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_10_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Comparing Protein Sequences and Structures Provides Insight into Protein Function and Evolution lodish8e_ch3_11.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_11_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Concepts of Section 3.1lodish8e_ch3_12.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_12_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
3.2 Protein Folding lodish8e_ch3_13.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_13_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Planar Peptide Bonds Limit the Shapes into Which Proteins Can Fold lodish8e_ch3_14.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_14_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
The Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein Determines How It Will Fold lodish8e_ch3_15.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_15_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Folding of Proteins in Vivo Is Promoted by Chaperones lodish8e_ch3_16.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_16_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Protein Folding Is Promoted by Proline Isomerases lodish8e_ch3_17.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_17_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Abnormally Folded Proteins Can Form Amyloids That Are Implicated in Diseases lodish8e_ch3_18.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_18_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Concepts of Section 3.2lodish8e_ch3_19.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_19_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
3.3 Protein Binding and Enzyme Catalysis lodish8e_ch3_20.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_20_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Specific Binding of Ligands Underlies the Functions of Most Proteins lodish8e_ch3_21.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_21_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Enzymes Are Highly Efficient and Specific Catalysts lodish8e_ch3_22.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_22_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
An Enzyme’s Active Site Binds Substrates and Carries Out Catalysis lodish8e_ch3_23.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_23_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Serine Proteases Demonstrate How an Enzyme’s Active Site Works lodish8e_ch3_24.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_24_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Enzymes in a Common Pathway Are Often Physically Associated with One Another lodish8e_ch3_25.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_25_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Concepts of Section 3.3lodish8e_ch3_26.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_26_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
3.4 Regulating Protein Function lodish8e_ch3_27.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_27_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Regulated Synthesis and Degradation of Proteins Is a Fundamental Property of Cells lodish8e_ch3_28.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_28_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
The Proteasome Is a Molecular Machine Used to Degrade Proteins lodish8e_ch3_29.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_29_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Ubiquitin Marks Cytosolic Proteins for Degradation in Proteasomes lodish8e_ch3_30.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_30_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Noncovalent Binding Permits Allosteric, or Cooperative, Regulation of Proteins lodish8e_ch3_31.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_31_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Noncovalent Binding of Calcium and GTP Are Widely Used as Allosteric Switches to Control Protein Activity lodish8e_ch3_32.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_32_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation Covalently Regulate Protein Activity lodish8e_ch3_33.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_33_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Ubiquitinylation and Deubiquitinylation Covalently Regulate Protein Activity lodish8e_ch3_34.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_34_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Proteolytic Cleavage Irreversibly Activates or Inactivates Some Proteins lodish8e_ch3_35.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_35_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Higher-Order Regulation Includes Control of Protein Location lodish8e_ch3_36.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_36_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Concepts of Section 3.4lodish8e_ch3_37.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_37_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
3.5 Purifying, Detecting, and Characterizing Proteins lodish8e_ch3_38.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_38_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Centrifugation Can Separate Particles and Molecules That Differ in Mass or Density lodish8e_ch3_39.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_39_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Electrophoresis Separates Molecules on the Basis of Their Charge-to-Mass Ratio lodish8e_ch3_40.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_40_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Liquid Chromatography Resolves Proteins by Mass, Charge, or Affinity lodish8e_ch3_41.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_41_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Highly Specific Enzyme and Antibody Assays Can Detect Individual Proteins lodish8e_ch3_42.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_42_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Radioisotopes Are Indispensable Tools for Detecting Biological Molecules lodish8e_ch3_43.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_43_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Mass Spectrometry Can Determine the Mass and Sequence of Proteins lodish8e_ch3_44.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_44_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Protein Primary Structure Can Be Determined by Chemical Methods and from Gene Sequences lodish8e_ch3_45.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_45_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Protein Conformation Is Determined by Sophisticated Physical Methods lodish8e_ch3_46.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_46_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Concepts of Section 3.5lodish8e_ch3_47.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_47_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
3.6 Proteomics lodish8e_ch3_48.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_48_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Proteomics Is the Study of All or a Large Subset of Proteins in a Biological System lodish8e_ch3_49.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_49_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Advanced Techniques in Mass Spectrometry Are Critical to Proteomic Analysis lodish8e_ch3_50.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_50_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Concepts of Section 3.6lodish8e_ch3_51.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_51_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch3_52.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_52_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch3_53.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_53_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch3_54.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_54_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch3_55.html571fba59757a2e5f23000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch3_55_dlap.xml571fba59757a2e5f23000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch4_1.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_1_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
4.1 Growing and Studying Cells in Culture lodish8e_ch4_2.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_2_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Culture of Animal Cells Requires Nutrient-Rich Media and Special Solid Surfaces lodish8e_ch4_3.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_3_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Primary Cell Cultures and Cell Strains Have a Finite Life Span lodish8e_ch4_4.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_4_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Transformed Cells Can Grow Indefinitely in Culture lodish8e_ch4_5.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_5_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Flow Cytometry Separates Different Cell Types lodish8e_ch4_6.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_6_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Growth of Cells in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Culture Mimics the In Vivo Environment lodish8e_ch4_7.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_7_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Hybridomas Produce Abundant Monoclonal Antibodies lodish8e_ch4_8.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_8_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
A Wide Variety of Cell Biological Processes Can Be Studied with Cultured Cells lodish8e_ch4_9.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_9_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Drugs Are Commonly Used in Cell Biological Research lodish8e_ch4_10.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_10_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Key Concepts of Section 4.1lodish8e_ch4_11.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_11_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
4.2 Light Microscopy: Exploring Cell Structure and Visualizing Proteins Within Cells lodish8e_ch4_12.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_12_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
The Resolution of the Conventional Light Microscope Is About 0.2 µm lodish8e_ch4_13.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_13_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Phase-Contrast and Differential-Interference-Contrast Microscopy Visualize Unstained Live Cells lodish8e_ch4_14.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_14_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Imaging Subcellular Details Often Requires That Specimens Be Fixed, Sectioned, and Stained lodish8e_ch4_15.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_15_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Fluorescence Microscopy Can Localize and Quantify Specific Molecules in Live Cells lodish8e_ch4_16.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_16_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Intracellular Ion Concentrations Can Be Determined with Ion-Sensitive Fluorescent Dyes lodish8e_ch4_17.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_17_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Immunofluorescence Microscopy Can Detect Specific Proteins in Fixed Cells lodish8e_ch4_18.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_18_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Tagging with Fluorescent Proteins Allows the Visualization of Specific Proteins in Live Cells lodish8e_ch4_19.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_19_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Deconvolution and Confocal Microscopy Enhance Visualization of Three-Dimensional Fluorescent Objects lodish8e_ch4_20.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_20_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy Allows Imaging Deep into Tissue Samples lodish8e_ch4_21.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_21_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
TIRF Microscopy Provides Exceptional Imaging in One Focal Plane lodish8e_ch4_22.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_22_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
FRAP Reveals the Dynamics of Cellular Components lodish8e_ch4_23.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_23_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
FRET Measures Distance Between Fluorochromes lodish8e_ch4_24.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_24_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Super-Resolution Microscopy Can Localize Proteins to Nanometer Accuracy lodish8e_ch4_25.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_25_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Light-Sheet Microscopy Can Rapidly Image Cells in Living Tissue lodish8e_ch4_26.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_26_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Key Concepts of Section 4.2lodish8e_ch4_27.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_27_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
4.3 Electron Microscopy: High-Resolution Imaging lodish8e_ch4_28.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_28_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Single Molecules or Structures Can Be Imaged Using a Negative Stain or Metal Shadowing lodish8e_ch4_29.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_29_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Cells and Tissues Are Cut into Thin Sections for Viewing by Electron Microscopy lodish8e_ch4_30.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_30_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Immunoelectron Microscopy Localizes Proteins at the Ultrastructural Level lodish8e_ch4_31.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_31_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Cryoelectron Microscopy Allows Visualization of Specimens Without Fixation or Staining lodish8e_ch4_32.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_32_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Metal-Coated Specimens Reveals Surface Features lodish8e_ch4_33.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_33_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Key Concepts of Section 4.3lodish8e_ch4_34.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_34_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
4.4 Isolation of Cell Organelles lodish8e_ch4_35.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_35_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Disruption of Cells Releases Their Organelles and Other Contents lodish8e_ch4_36.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_36_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Centrifugation Can Separate Many Types of Organelles lodish8e_ch4_37.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_37_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Organelle-Specific Antibodies Are Useful in Preparing Highly Purified Organelles lodish8e_ch4_38.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_38_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Proteomics Reveals the Protein Composition of Organelles lodish8e_ch4_39.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_39_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Key Concepts of Section 4.4lodish8e_ch4_40.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_40_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Key Terms lodish8e_ch4_41.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_41_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch4_42.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_42_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Extended References lodish8e_ch4_43.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_43_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch4_44.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_44_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Classic Experiment 4-1: Separating Organelleslodish8e_ch4_45.html572b7f74757a2e962f000007
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch4_45_dlap.xml572b7f74757a2e962f000007
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch5_1.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_1_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids lodish8e_ch5_2.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_2_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
A Nucleic Acid Strand Is a Linear Polymer with End-to-End Directionality lodish8e_ch5_3.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_3_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Native DNA Is a Double Helix of Complementary Antiparallel Strands lodish8e_ch5_4.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_4_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DNA Can Undergo Reversible Strand Separation lodish8e_ch5_5.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_5_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Torsional Stress in DNA Is Relieved by Enzymes lodish8e_ch5_6.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_6_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Different Types of RNA Exhibit Various Conformations Related to Their Functions lodish8e_ch5_7.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_7_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.1lodish8e_ch5_8.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_8_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.2 Transcription of Protein-Coding Genes and Formation of Functional mRNA lodish8e_ch5_9.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_9_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
A Template DNA Strand Is Transcribed into a Complementary RNA Chain by RNA Polymerase lodish8e_ch5_10.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_10_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Organization of Genes Differs in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA lodish8e_ch5_11.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_11_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Eukaryotic Precursor mRNAs Are Processed to Form Functional mRNAs lodish8e_ch5_12.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_12_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Alternative RNA Splicing Increases the Number of Proteins Expressed from a Single Eukaryotic Gene lodish8e_ch5_13.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_13_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.2lodish8e_ch5_14.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_14_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.3 The Decoding of mRNA by tRNAs lodish8e_ch5_15.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_15_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Messenger RNA Carries Information from DNA in a Three-Letter Genetic Code lodish8e_ch5_16.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_16_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
The Folded Structure of tRNA Promotes Its Decoding Functions lodish8e_ch5_17.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_17_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Nonstandard Base Pairing Often Occurs Between Codons and Anticodons lodish8e_ch5_18.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_18_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Amino Acids Become Activated When Covalently Linked to tRNAs lodish8e_ch5_19.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_19_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.3lodish8e_ch5_20.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_20_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.4 Stepwise Synthesis of Proteins on Ribosomes lodish8e_ch5_21.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_21_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Ribosomes Are Protein-Synthesizing Machines lodish8e_ch5_22.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_22_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Methionyl-tRNAiMet Recognizes the AUG Start Codon lodish8e_ch5_23.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_23_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Usually Occurs at the First AUG Downstream from the 5′ End of an mRNA lodish8e_ch5_24.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_24_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
During Chain Elongation Each Incoming Aminoacyl-tRNA Moves Through Three Ribosomal Sites lodish8e_ch5_25.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_25_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Translation Is Terminated by Release Factors When a Stop Codon Is Reached lodish8e_ch5_26.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_26_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Polysomes and Rapid Ribosome Recycling Increase the Efficiency of Translation lodish8e_ch5_27.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_27_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
GTPase-Superfamily Proteins Function in Several Quality-Control Steps of Translation lodish8e_ch5_28.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_28_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Nonsense Mutations Cause Premature Termination of Protein Synthesis lodish8e_ch5_29.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_29_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.4lodish8e_ch5_30.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_30_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.5 DNA Replication lodish8e_ch5_31.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_31_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DNA Polymerases Require a Primer to Initiate Replication lodish8e_ch5_32.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_32_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Duplex DNA Is Unwound, and Daughter Strands Are Formed at the DNA Replication Fork lodish8e_ch5_33.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_33_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Several Proteins Participate in DNA Replication lodish8e_ch5_34.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_34_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DNA Replication Occurs Bidirectionally from Each Origin lodish8e_ch5_35.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_35_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.5lodish8e_ch5_36.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_36_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.6 DNA Repair and Recombination lodish8e_ch5_37.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_37_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DNA Polymerases Introduce Copying Errors and Also Correct Them lodish8e_ch5_38.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_38_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Chemical and Radiation Damage to DNA Can Lead to Mutations lodish8e_ch5_39.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_39_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
High-Fidelity DNA Excision-Repair Systems Recognize and Repair Damage lodish8e_ch5_40.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_40_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Base Excision Repairs T-G Mismatches and Damaged Bases lodish8e_ch5_41.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_41_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Mismatch Excision Repairs Other Mismatches and Small Insertions and Deletions lodish8e_ch5_42.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_42_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Nucleotide Excision Repairs Chemical Adducts that Distort Normal DNA Shape lodish8e_ch5_43.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_43_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Two Systems Use Recombination to Repair Double-Strand Breaks in DNA lodish8e_ch5_44.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_44_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Homologous Recombination Can Repair DNA Damage and Generate Genetic Diversity lodish8e_ch5_45.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_45_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.6lodish8e_ch5_46.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_46_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
5.7 Viruses: Parasites of the Cellular Genetic System lodish8e_ch5_47.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_47_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Most Viral Host Ranges Are Narrow lodish8e_ch5_48.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_48_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Viral Capsids Are Regular Arrays of One or a Few Types of Protein lodish8e_ch5_49.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_49_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Viruses Can Be Cloned and Counted in Plaque Assays lodish8e_ch5_50.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_50_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Lytic Viral Growth Cycles Lead to Death of Host Cells lodish8e_ch5_51.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_51_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Viral DNA Is Integrated into the Host-Cell Genome in Some Nonlytic Viral Growth Cycles lodish8e_ch5_52.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_52_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 5.7lodish8e_ch5_53.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_53_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch5_54.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_54_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch5_55.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_55_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch5_56.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_56_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch5_57.html572b8030757a2e1c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch5_57_dlap.xml572b8030757a2e1c31000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch6_1.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_1_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
6.1 Genetic Analysis of Mutations to Identify and Study Genes lodish8e_ch6_2.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_2_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Recessive and Dominant Mutant Alleles Generally Have Opposite Effects on Gene Function lodish8e_ch6_3.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_3_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Segregation of Mutations in Breeding Experiments Reveals Their Dominance or Recessivity lodish8e_ch6_4.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_4_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Conditional Mutations Can Be Used to Study Essential Genes in Yeast lodish8e_ch6_5.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_5_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Recessive Lethal Mutations in Diploids Can Be Identified by Inbreeding and Maintained in Heterozygotes lodish8e_ch6_6.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_6_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Complementation Tests Determine Whether Different Recessive Mutations Are in the Same Gene lodish8e_ch6_7.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_7_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Double Mutants Are Useful in Assessing the Order in Which Proteins Function lodish8e_ch6_8.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_8_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Genetic Suppression and Synthetic Lethality Can Reveal Interacting or Redundant Proteins lodish8e_ch6_9.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_9_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Genes Can Be Identified by Their Map Position on the Chromosome lodish8e_ch6_10.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_10_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 6.1lodish8e_ch6_11.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_11_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
6.2 DNA Cloning and Characterization lodish8e_ch6_12.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_12_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Restriction Enzymes and DNA Ligases Allow Insertion of DNA Fragments into Cloning Vectors lodish8e_ch6_13.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_13_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Isolated DNA Fragments Can Be Cloned into E. coli Plasmid Vectors lodish8e_ch6_14.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_14_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Yeast Genomic Libraries Can Be Constructed with Shuttle Vectors and Screened by Functional Complementation lodish8e_ch6_15.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_15_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
cDNA Libraries Represent the Sequences of Protein-Coding Genes lodish8e_ch6_16.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_16_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
The Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifies a Specific DNA Sequence from a Complex Mixture lodish8e_ch6_17.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_17_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Cloned DNA Molecules Can Be Sequenced Rapidly by Methods Based on PCR lodish8e_ch6_18.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_18_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 6.2lodish8e_ch6_19.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_19_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
6.3 Using Cloned DNA Fragments to Study Gene Expression lodish8e_ch6_20.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_20_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Hybridization Techniques Permit Detection of Specific DNA Fragments and mRNAs lodish8e_ch6_21.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_21_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DNA Microarrays Can Be Used to Evaluate the Expression of Many Genes at One Time lodish8e_ch6_22.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_22_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Cluster Analysis of Multiple Expression Experiments Identifies Co-regulated Genes lodish8e_ch6_23.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_23_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
E. coli Expression Systems Can Produce Large Quantities of Proteins from Cloned Genes lodish8e_ch6_24.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_24_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Plasmid Expression Vectors Can Be Designed for Use in Animal Cells lodish8e_ch6_25.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_25_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 6.3lodish8e_ch6_26.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_26_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
6.4 Locating and Identifying Human Disease Genes lodish8e_ch6_27.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_27_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Monogenic Diseases Show One of Three Patterns of Inheritance lodish8e_ch6_28.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_28_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DNA Polymorphisms Are Used as Markers for Linkage Mapping of Human Mutations lodish8e_ch6_29.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_29_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Linkage Studies Can Map Disease Genes with a Resolution of About 1 Centimorgan lodish8e_ch6_30.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_30_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Further Analysis Is Needed to Locate a Disease Gene in Cloned DNA lodish8e_ch6_31.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_31_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Many Inherited Diseases Result from Multiple Genetic Defects lodish8e_ch6_32.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_32_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 6.4lodish8e_ch6_33.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_33_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
6.5 Inactivating the Function of Specific Genes in Eukaryotes lodish8e_ch6_34.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_34_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Normal Yeast Genes Can Be Replaced with Mutant Alleles by Homologous Recombination lodish8e_ch6_35.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_35_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Genes Can Be Placed Under the Control of an Experimentally Regulated Promoter lodish8e_ch6_36.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_36_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Specific Genes Can Be Permanently Inactivated in the Germ Line of Mice lodish8e_ch6_37.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_37_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Somatic Cell Recombination Can Inactivate Genes in Specific Tissues lodish8e_ch6_38.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_38_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Dominant-Negative Alleles Can Inhibit the Function of Some Genes lodish8e_ch6_39.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_39_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
RNA Interference Causes Gene Inactivation by Destroying the Corresponding mRNA lodish8e_ch6_40.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_40_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Engineered CRISPR–Cas9 Systems Allow Precise Genome Editing lodish8e_ch6_41.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_41_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Key Concepts of Section 6.5lodish8e_ch6_42.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_42_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch6_43.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_43_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch6_44.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_44_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch6_45.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_45_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch6_46.html572b8933757a2e9c31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch6_46_dlap.xml572b8933757a2e9c31000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch7_1.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_1_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
7.1 The Lipid Bilayer: Composition and Structural Organization lodish8e_ch7_2.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_2_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Phospholipids Spontaneously Form Bilayers lodish8e_ch7_3.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_3_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Phospholipid Bilayers Form a Sealed Compartment Surrounding an Internal Aqueous Space lodish8e_ch7_4.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_4_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Biomembranes Contain Three Principal Classes of Lipids lodish8e_ch7_5.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_5_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Most Lipids and Many Proteins Are Laterally Mobile in Biomembranes lodish8e_ch7_6.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_6_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Lipid Composition Influences the Physical Properties of Membranes lodish8e_ch7_7.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_7_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Lipid Composition Is Different in the Exoplasmic and Cytosolic Leaflets lodish8e_ch7_8.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_8_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Cholesterol and Sphingolipids Cluster with Specific Proteins in Membrane Microdomains lodish8e_ch7_9.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_9_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Cells Store Excess Lipids in Lipid Droplets lodish8e_ch7_10.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_10_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Key Concepts of Section 7.1lodish8e_ch7_11.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_11_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
7.2 Membrane Proteins: Structure and Basic Functions lodish8e_ch7_12.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_12_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Proteins Interact with Membranes in Three Different Ways lodish8e_ch7_13.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_13_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Most Transmembrane Proteins Have Membrane-Spanning α Helices lodish8e_ch7_14.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_14_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Multiple β Strands in Porins Form Membrane-Spanning “Barrels” lodish8e_ch7_15.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_15_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Covalently Attached Lipids Anchor Some Proteins to Membranes lodish8e_ch7_16.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_16_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
All Transmembrane Proteins and Glycolipids Are Asymmetrically Oriented in the Bilayer lodish8e_ch7_17.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_17_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Lipid-Binding Motifs Help Target Peripheral Proteins to the Membrane lodish8e_ch7_18.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_18_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Proteins Can Be Removed from Membranes by Detergents or High-Salt Solutions lodish8e_ch7_19.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_19_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Key Concepts of Section 7.2lodish8e_ch7_20.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_20_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
7.3 Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol: Synthesis and Intracellular Movement lodish8e_ch7_21.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_21_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Fatty Acids Are Assembled from Two-Carbon Building Blocks by Several Important Enzymes lodish8e_ch7_22.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_22_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Small Cytosolic Proteins Facilitate Movement of Fatty Acids lodish8e_ch7_23.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_23_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Fatty Acids Are Incorporated into Phospholipids Primarily on the ER Membrane lodish8e_ch7_24.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_24_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Flippases Move Phospholipids from One Membrane Leaflet to the Opposite Leaflet lodish8e_ch7_25.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_25_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Cholesterol Is Synthesized by Enzymes in the Cytosol and ER Membrane lodish8e_ch7_26.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_26_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Cholesterol and Phospholipids Are Transported Between Organelles by Several Mechanisms lodish8e_ch7_27.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_27_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Key Concepts of Section 7.3lodish8e_ch7_28.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_28_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch7_29.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_29_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch7_30.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_30_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
References lodish8e_ch7_31.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_31_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch7_32.html572b8980757a2eab31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch7_32_dlap.xml572b8980757a2eab31000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch8_1.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_1_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
8.1 Eukaryotic Gene Structure lodish8e_ch8_2.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_2_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Most Eukaryotic Genes Contain Introns and Produce mRNAs Encoding Single Proteins lodish8e_ch8_3.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_3_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Simple and Complex Transcription Units Are Found in Eukaryotic Genomes lodish8e_ch8_4.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_4_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Protein-Coding Genes May Be Solitary or Belong to a Gene Family lodish8e_ch8_5.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_5_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Heavily Used Gene Products Are Encoded by Multiple Copies of Genes lodish8e_ch8_6.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_6_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Nonprotein-Coding Genes Encode Functional RNAs lodish8e_ch8_7.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_7_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Concepts of Section 8.1lodish8e_ch8_8.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_8_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
8.2 Chromosomal Organization of Genes and Noncoding DNA lodish8e_ch8_9.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_9_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Genomes of Many Organisms Contain Nonfunctional DNA lodish8e_ch8_10.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_10_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Most Simple-Sequence DNAs Are Concentrated in Specific Chromosomal Locations lodish8e_ch8_11.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_11_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
DNA Fingerprinting Depends on Differences in Length of Simple-Sequence DNAs lodish8e_ch8_12.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_12_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Unclassified Intergenic DNA Occupies a Significant Portion of the Genome lodish8e_ch8_13.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_13_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Concepts of Section 8.2lodish8e_ch8_14.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_14_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
8.3 Transposable (Mobile) DNA Elements lodish8e_ch8_15.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_15_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Movement of Mobile Elements Involves a DNA or an RNA Intermediate lodish8e_ch8_16.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_16_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
DNA Transposons Are Present in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes lodish8e_ch8_17.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_17_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
LTR Retrotransposons Behave Like Intracellular Retroviruses lodish8e_ch8_18.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_18_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Non-LTR Retrotransposons Transpose by a Distinct Mechanism lodish8e_ch8_19.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_19_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Other Retroposed RNAs Are Found in Genomic DNA lodish8e_ch8_20.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_20_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Mobile DNA Elements Have Significantly Influenced Evolution lodish8e_ch8_21.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_21_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Concepts of Section 8.3lodish8e_ch8_22.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_22_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
8.4 Genomics: Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Structure and Function lodish8e_ch8_23.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_23_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Stored Sequences Suggest Functions of Newly Identified Genes and Proteins lodish8e_ch8_24.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_24_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Comparison of Related Sequences from Different Species Can Give Clues to Evolutionary Relationships Among Proteins lodish8e_ch8_25.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_25_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Genes Can Be Identified Within Genomic DNA Sequences lodish8e_ch8_26.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_26_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
The Number of Protein-Coding Genes in an Organism’s Genome Is Not Directly Related to Its Biological Complexity lodish8e_ch8_27.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_27_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Concepts of Section 8.4lodish8e_ch8_28.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_28_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
8.5 Structural Organization of Eukaryotic Chromosomes lodish8e_ch8_29.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_29_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Chromatin Exists in Extended and Condensed Forms lodish8e_ch8_30.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_30_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Modifications of Histone Tails Control Chromatin Condensation and Function lodish8e_ch8_31.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_31_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Nonhistone Proteins Organize Long Chromatin Loops lodish8e_ch8_32.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_32_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Additional Nonhistone Proteins Regulate Transcription and Replication lodish8e_ch8_33.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_33_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Concepts of Section 8.5lodish8e_ch8_34.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_34_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
8.6 Morphology and Functional Elements of Eukaryotic Chromosomes lodish8e_ch8_35.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_35_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Chromosome Number, Size, and Shape at Metaphase Are Species-Specific lodish8e_ch8_36.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_36_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
During Metaphase, Chromosomes Can Be Distinguished by Banding Patterns and Chromosome Painting lodish8e_ch8_37.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_37_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Chromosome Painting and DNA Sequencing Reveal the Evolution of Chromosomes lodish8e_ch8_38.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_38_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Interphase Polytene Chromosomes Arise by DNA Amplification lodish8e_ch8_39.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_39_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Three Functional Elements Are Required for Replication and Stable Inheritance of Chromosomes lodish8e_ch8_40.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_40_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Centromere Sequences Vary Greatly in Length and Complexity lodish8e_ch8_41.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_41_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Addition of Telomeric Sequences by Telomerase Prevents Shortening of Chromosomes lodish8e_ch8_42.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_42_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Concepts of Section 8.6lodish8e_ch8_43.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_43_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch8_44.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_44_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch8_45.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_45_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch8_46.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_46_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch8_47.html572b89de757a2ece31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch8_47_dlap.xml572b89de757a2ece31000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch9_1.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_1_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.1 Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria lodish8e_ch9_2.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_2_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Transcription Initiation by Bacterial RNA Polymerase Requires Association with a Sigma Factor lodish8e_ch9_3.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_3_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Initiation of lac Operon Transcription Can Be Repressed or Activated lodish8e_ch9_4.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_4_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Small Molecules Regulate Expression of Many Bacterial Genes via DNA-Binding Repressors and Activators lodish8e_ch9_5.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_5_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Transcription Initiation from Some Promoters Requires Alternative Sigma Factors lodish8e_ch9_6.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_6_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Transcription by σ54-RNA Polymerase Is Controlled by Activators That Bind Far from the Promoter lodish8e_ch9_7.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_7_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Many Bacterial Responses Are Controlled by Two-Component Regulatory Systems lodish8e_ch9_8.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_8_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Expression of Many Bacterial Operons Is Controlled by Regulation of Transcriptional Elongation lodish8e_ch9_9.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_9_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.1lodish8e_ch9_10.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_10_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.2 Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Control lodish8e_ch9_11.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_11_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Regulatory Elements in Eukaryotic DNA Are Found Both Close to and Many Kilobases Away from Transcription Start Sites lodish8e_ch9_12.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_12_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Three Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases Catalyze Formation of Different RNAs lodish8e_ch9_13.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_13_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
The Largest Subunit in RNA Polymerase II Has an Essential Carboxy-Terminal Repeat lodish8e_ch9_14.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_14_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.2lodish8e_ch9_15.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_15_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.3 RNA Polymerase II Promoters and General Transcription Factors lodish8e_ch9_16.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_16_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
RNA Polymerase II Initiates Transcription at DNA Sequences Corresponding to the 5′ Cap of mRNAs lodish8e_ch9_17.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_17_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
The TATA Box, Initiators, and CpG Islands Function as Promoters in Eukaryotic DNA lodish8e_ch9_18.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_18_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
General Transcription Factors Position RNA Polymerase II at Start Sites and Assist in Initiation lodish8e_ch9_19.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_19_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Elongation Factors Regulate the Initial Stages of Transcription in the Promoter-Proximal Region lodish8e_ch9_20.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_20_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.3lodish8e_ch9_21.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_21_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.4 Regulatory Sequences in Protein-Coding Genes and the Proteins Through Which They Function lodish8e_ch9_22.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_22_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Promoter-Proximal Elements Help Regulate Eukaryotic Genes lodish8e_ch9_23.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_23_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Distant Enhancers Often Stimulate Transcription by RNA Polymerase II lodish8e_ch9_24.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_24_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Most Eukaryotic Genes Are Regulated by Multiple Transcription-Control Elements lodish8e_ch9_25.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_25_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DNase I Footprinting and EMSA Detect Protein-DNA Interactions lodish8e_ch9_26.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_26_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Activators Are Composed of Distinct Functional Domains lodish8e_ch9_27.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_27_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Repressors Are the Functional Converse of Activators lodish8e_ch9_28.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_28_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DNA-Binding Domains Can Be Classified into Numerous Structural Types lodish8e_ch9_29.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_29_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Structurally Diverse Activation and Repression Domains Regulate Transcription lodish8e_ch9_30.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_30_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Transcription Factor Interactions Increase Gene-Control Options lodish8e_ch9_31.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_31_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Multiprotein Complexes Form on Enhancers lodish8e_ch9_32.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_32_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.4lodish8e_ch9_33.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_33_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.5 Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Repression and Activation lodish8e_ch9_34.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_34_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Formation of Heterochromatin Silences Gene Expression at Telomeres, near Centromeres, and in Other Regions lodish8e_ch9_35.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_35_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Repressors Can Direct Histone Deacetylation at Specific Genes lodish8e_ch9_36.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_36_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Activators Can Direct Histone Acetylation at Specific Genes lodish8e_ch9_37.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_37_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Chromatin-Remodeling Complexes Help Activate or Repress Transcription lodish8e_ch9_38.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_38_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Pioneer Transcription Factors Initiate the Process of Gene Activation During Cellular Differentiation lodish8e_ch9_39.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_39_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
The Mediator Complex Forms a Molecular Bridge Between Activation Domains and Pol II lodish8e_ch9_40.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_40_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.5lodish8e_ch9_41.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_41_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.6 Regulation of Transcription-Factor Activity lodish8e_ch9_42.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_42_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DNase I Hypersensitive Sites Reflect the Developmental History of Cellular Differentiation lodish8e_ch9_43.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_43_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Nuclear Receptors Are Regulated by Extracellular Signals lodish8e_ch9_44.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_44_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
All Nuclear Receptors Share a Common Domain Structure lodish8e_ch9_45.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_45_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Nuclear-Receptor Response Elements Contain Inverted or Direct Repeats lodish8e_ch9_46.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_46_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Hormone Binding to a Nuclear Receptor Regulates Its Activity as a Transcription Factor lodish8e_ch9_47.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_47_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Metazoans Regulate the RNA Polymerase II Transition from Initiation to Elongation lodish8e_ch9_48.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_48_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Termination of Transcription Is Also Regulated lodish8e_ch9_49.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_49_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.6lodish8e_ch9_50.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_50_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.7 Epigenetic Regulation of Transcription lodish8e_ch9_51.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_51_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DNA Methylation Represses Transcription lodish8e_ch9_52.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_52_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Methylation of Specific Histone Lysines Is Linked to Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Repression lodish8e_ch9_53.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_53_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Epigenetic Control by Polycomb and Trithorax Complexes lodish8e_ch9_54.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_54_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Long Noncoding RNAs Direct Epigenetic Repression in Metazoans lodish8e_ch9_55.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_55_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.7lodish8e_ch9_56.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_56_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
9.8 Other Eukaryotic Transcription Systems lodish8e_ch9_57.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_57_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Transcription Initiation by Pol I and Pol III Is Analogous to That by Pol II lodish8e_ch9_58.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_58_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Concepts of Section 9.8lodish8e_ch9_59.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_59_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch9_60.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_60_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch9_61.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_61_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch9_62.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_62_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch9_63.html572b8a14757a2ed531000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch9_63_dlap.xml572b8a14757a2ed531000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch10_1.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_1_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
10.1 Processing of Eukaryotic Pre-mRNA lodish8e_ch10_2.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_2_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
The 5′ Cap Is Added to Nascent RNAs Shortly After Transcription Initiation lodish8e_ch10_3.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_3_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
A Diverse Set of Proteins with Conserved RNA-Binding Domains Associate with Pre-mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_4.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_4_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Splicing Occurs at Short, Conserved Sequences in Pre-mRNAs via Two Transesterification Reactions lodish8e_ch10_5.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_5_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
During Splicing, snRNAs Base-Pair with Pre-mRNA lodish8e_ch10_6.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_6_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Spliceosomes, Assembled from snRNPs and a Pre-mRNA, Carry Out Splicing lodish8e_ch10_7.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_7_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Chain Elongation by RNA Polymerase II Is Coupled to the Presence of RNA-Processing Factors lodish8e_ch10_8.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_8_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
SR Proteins Contribute to Exon Definition in Long Pre-mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_9.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_9_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Self-Splicing Group II Introns Provide Clues to the Evolution of snRNAs lodish8e_ch10_10.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_10_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
3′ Cleavage and Polyadenylation of Pre-mRNAs Are Tightly Coupled lodish8e_ch10_11.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_11_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Nuclear Exoribonucleases Degrade RNA That Is Processed Out of Pre-mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_12.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_12_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
RNA Processing Solves the Problem of Pervasive Transcription of the Genome in Metazoans lodish8e_ch10_13.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_13_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Key Concepts of Section 10.1lodish8e_ch10_14.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_14_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
10.2 Regulation of Pre-mRNA Processing lodish8e_ch10_15.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_15_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Alternative Splicing Generates Transcripts with Different Combinations of Exons lodish8e_ch10_16.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_16_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
A Cascade of Regulated RNA Splicing Controls Drosophila Sexual Differentiation lodish8e_ch10_17.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_17_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Splicing Repressors and Activators Control Splicing at Alternative Sites lodish8e_ch10_18.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_18_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
RNA Editing Alters the Sequences of Some Pre-mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_19.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_19_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Key Concepts of Section 10.2lodish8e_ch10_20.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_20_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
10.3 Transport of mRNA Across the Nuclear Envelope lodish8e_ch10_21.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_21_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of SR Proteins Imposes Directionality on mRNP Export Across the Nuclear Pore Complex lodish8e_ch10_22.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_22_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Balbiani Rings in Insect Larval Salivary Glands Allow Direct Visualization of mRNP Export Through NPCs lodish8e_ch10_23.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_23_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Pre-mRNAs in Spliceosomes Are Not Exported from the Nucleus lodish8e_ch10_24.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_24_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
HIV Rev Protein Regulates the Transport of Unspliced Viral mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_25.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_25_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Key Concepts of Section 10.3lodish8e_ch10_26.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_26_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
10.4 Cytoplasmic Mechanisms of Post-transcriptional Control lodish8e_ch10_27.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_27_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Degradation of mRNAs in the Cytoplasm Occurs by Several Mechanisms lodish8e_ch10_28.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_28_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Adenines in mRNAs and lncRNAs May Be Post-transcriptionally Modified by N6 Methylation lodish8e_ch10_29.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_29_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Micro-RNAs Repress Translation and Induce Degradation of Specific mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_30.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_30_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Alternative Polyadenylation Increases miRNA Control Options lodish8e_ch10_31.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_31_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
RNA Interference Induces Degradation of Precisely Complementary mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_32.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_32_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Promotes Translation of Some mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_33.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_33_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Protein Synthesis Can Be Globally Regulated lodish8e_ch10_34.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_34_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Sequence-Specific RNA-Binding Proteins Control Translation of Specific mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_35.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_35_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Surveillance Mechanisms Prevent Translation of Improperly Processed mRNAs lodish8e_ch10_36.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_36_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Localization of mRNAs Permits Production of Proteins at Specific Regions Within the Cytoplasm lodish8e_ch10_37.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_37_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Key Concepts of Section 10.4lodish8e_ch10_38.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_38_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
10.5 Processing of rRNA and tRNA lodish8e_ch10_39.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_39_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Pre-rRNA Genes Function as Nucleolar Organizers lodish8e_ch10_40.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_40_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Small Nucleolar RNAs Assist in Processing Pre-rRNAs lodish8e_ch10_41.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_41_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Self-Splicing Group I Introns Were the First Examples of Catalytic RNA lodish8e_ch10_42.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_42_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Pre-tRNAs Undergo Extensive Modification in the Nucleus lodish8e_ch10_43.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_43_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Nuclear Bodies Are Functionally Specialized Nuclear Domains lodish8e_ch10_44.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_44_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Key Concepts of Section 10.5lodish8e_ch10_45.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_45_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Key Terms lodish8e_ch10_46.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_46_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch10_47.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_47_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Extended References lodish8e_ch10_48.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_48_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch10_49.html572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch10_49_dlap.xml572b8a8b757a2ea731000001
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch11_1.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_1_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
11.1 Overview of Transmembrane Transport lodish8e_ch11_2.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_2_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Only Gases and Small Uncharged Molecules Cross Membranes by Simple Diffusion lodish8e_ch11_3.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_3_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Three Main Classes of Membrane Proteins Transport Molecules and Ions Across Cellular Membranes lodish8e_ch11_4.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_4_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Concepts of Section 11.1lodish8e_ch11_5.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_5_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
11.2 Facilitated Transport of Glucose and Water lodish8e_ch11_6.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_6_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Uniport Transport Is Faster and More Specific than Simple Diffusion lodish8e_ch11_7.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_7_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
The Low Km of the GLUT1 Uniporter Enables It to Transport Glucose into Most Mammalian Cells lodish8e_ch11_8.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_8_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
The Human Genome Encodes a Family of Sugar-Transporting GLUT Proteins lodish8e_ch11_9.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_9_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Transport Proteins Can Be Studied Using Artificial Membranes and Recombinant Cells lodish8e_ch11_10.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_10_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Osmotic Pressure Causes Water to Move Across Membranes lodish8e_ch11_11.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_11_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Aquaporins Increase the Water Permeability of Cellular Membranes lodish8e_ch11_12.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_12_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Concepts of Section 11.2lodish8e_ch11_13.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_13_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
11.3 ATP-Powered Pumps and the Intracellular Ionic Environment lodish8e_ch11_14.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_14_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
There Are Four Main Classes of ATP-Powered Pumps lodish8e_ch11_15.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_15_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
ATP-Powered Ion Pumps Generate and Maintain Ionic Gradients Across Cellular Membranes lodish8e_ch11_16.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_16_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Muscle Relaxation Depends on Ca2+ ATPases That Pump Ca2+ from the Cytosol into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum lodish8e_ch11_17.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_17_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
The Mechanism of Action of the Ca2+ Pump Is Known in Detail lodish8e_ch11_18.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_18_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Calmodulin Regulates the Plasma-Membrane Pumps That Control Cytosolic Ca2+ Concentrations lodish8e_ch11_19.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_19_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
The Na+/K+ ATPase Maintains the Intracellular Na+ and K+ Concentrations in Animal Cells lodish8e_ch11_20.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_20_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
V-Class H+ ATPases Maintain the Acidity of Lysosomes and Vacuoles lodish8e_ch11_21.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_21_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
ABC Proteins Export a Wide Variety of Drugs and Toxins from the Cell lodish8e_ch11_22.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_22_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Certain ABC Proteins “Flip” Phospholipids and Other Lipid-Soluble Substrates from One Membrane Leaflet to the Other lodish8e_ch11_23.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_23_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
The ABC Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Is a Chloride Channel, Not a Pump lodish8e_ch11_24.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_24_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Concepts of Section 11.3lodish8e_ch11_25.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_25_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
11.4 Nongated Ion Channels and the Resting Membrane Potential lodish8e_ch11_26.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_26_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Selective Movement of Ions Creates a Transmembrane Electric Gradient lodish8e_ch11_27.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_27_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
The Resting Membrane Potential in Animal Cells Depends Largely on the Outward Flow of K+ Ions Through Open K+ Channels lodish8e_ch11_28.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_28_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Ion Channels Are Selective for Certain Ions by Virtue of a Molecular “Selectivity Filter” lodish8e_ch11_29.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_29_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Patch Clamps Permit Measurement of Ion Movements Through Single Channels lodish8e_ch11_30.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_30_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Novel Ion Channels Can Be Characterized by a Combination of Oocyte Expression and Patch Clamping lodish8e_ch11_31.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_31_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Concepts of Section 11.4lodish8e_ch11_32.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_32_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
11.5 Cotransport by Symporters and Antiporters lodish8e_ch11_33.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_33_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Na+ Entry into Mammalian Cells Is Thermodynamically Favored lodish8e_ch11_34.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_34_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Na+-Linked Symporters Enable Animal Cells to Import Glucose and Amino Acids Against High Concentration Gradients lodish8e_ch11_35.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_35_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
A Bacterial Na+/Amino Acid Symporter Reveals How Symport Works lodish8e_ch11_36.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_36_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
A Na+-Linked Ca2+ Antiporter Regulates the Strength of Cardiac Muscle Contraction lodish8e_ch11_37.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_37_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Several Cotransporters Regulate Cytosolic pH lodish8e_ch11_38.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_38_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
An Anion Antiporter Is Essential for Transport of CO2 by Erythrocytes lodish8e_ch11_39.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_39_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Numerous Transport Proteins Enable Plant Vacuoles to Accumulate Metabolites and Ions lodish8e_ch11_40.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_40_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Concepts of Section 11.5lodish8e_ch11_41.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_41_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
11.6 Transcellular Transport lodish8e_ch11_42.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_42_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Multiple Transport Proteins Are Needed to Move Glucose and Amino Acids Across Epithelia lodish8e_ch11_43.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_43_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Simple Rehydration Therapy Depends on the Osmotic Gradient Created by Absorption of Glucose and Na+lodish8e_ch11_44.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_44_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Parietal Cells Acidify the Stomach Contents While Maintaining a Neutral Cytosolic pH lodish8e_ch11_45.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_45_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Bone Resorption Requires the Coordinated Function of a V-Class Proton Pump and a Specific Chloride Channel lodish8e_ch11_46.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_46_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Concepts of Section 11.6lodish8e_ch11_47.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_47_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch11_48.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_48_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch11_49.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_49_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch11_50.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_50_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch11_51.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_51_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Classic Experiment 11-1: Stumbling upon Active Transportlodish8e_ch11_52.html572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch11_52_dlap.xml572b8b0d757a2efc31000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch12_1.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_1_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.1 First Step of Harvesting Energy from Glucose: Glycolysis lodish8e_ch12_2.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_2_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
During Glycolysis (Stage I), Cytosolic Enzymes Convert Glucose to Pyruvate lodish8e_ch12_3.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_3_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Rate of Glycolysis Is Adjusted to Meet the Cell’s Need for ATP lodish8e_ch12_4.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_4_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Glucose Is Fermented When Oxygen Is Scarce lodish8e_ch12_5.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_5_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.1lodish8e_ch12_6.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_6_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.2 The Structure and Functions of Mitochondria lodish8e_ch12_7.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_7_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Are Multifunctional Organelles lodish8e_ch12_8.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_8_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Have Two Structurally and Functionally Distinct Membranes lodish8e_ch12_9.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_9_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Contain DNA Located in the Matrix lodish8e_ch12_10.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_10_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Size, Structure, and Coding Capacity of mtDNA Vary Considerably Among Organisms lodish8e_ch12_11.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_11_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Products of Mitochondrial Genes Are Not Exported lodish8e_ch12_12.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_12_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Evolved from a Single Endosymbiotic Event Involving a Rickettsia-Like Bacterium lodish8e_ch12_13.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_13_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondrial Genetic Codes Differ from the Standard Nuclear Code lodish8e_ch12_14.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_14_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mutations in Mitochondrial DNA Cause Several Genetic Diseases in Humans lodish8e_ch12_15.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_15_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Are Dynamic Organelles That Interact Directly with One Another lodish8e_ch12_16.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_16_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria Are Influenced by Direct Contacts with the Endoplasmic Reticulum lodish8e_ch12_17.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_17_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.2lodish8e_ch12_18.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_18_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.3 The Citric Acid Cycle and Fatty Acid Oxidation lodish8e_ch12_19.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_19_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
In the First Part of Stage II, Pyruvate Is Converted to Acetyl CoA and High-Energy Electrons lodish8e_ch12_20.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_20_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
In the Second Part of Stage II, the Citric Acid Cycle Oxidizes the Acetyl Group in Acetyl CoA to CO2 and Generates High-Energy Electrons lodish8e_ch12_21.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_21_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Transporters in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Help Maintain Appropriate Cytosolic and Matrix Concentrations of NAD+ and NADH lodish8e_ch12_22.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_22_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondrial Oxidation of Fatty Acids Generates ATP lodish8e_ch12_23.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_23_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Peroxisomal Oxidation of Fatty Acids Generates No ATP lodish8e_ch12_24.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_24_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.3lodish8e_ch12_25.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_25_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.4 The Electron-Transport Chain and Generation of the Proton-Motive Force lodish8e_ch12_26.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_26_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 Releases a Significant Amount of Energy lodish8e_ch12_27.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_27_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Electron Transport in Mitochondria Is Coupled to Proton Pumping lodish8e_ch12_28.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_28_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Electrons Flow “Downhill” Through a Series of Electron Carriers lodish8e_ch12_29.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_29_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Four Large Multiprotein Complexes Couple Electron Transport to Proton Pumping Across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane lodish8e_ch12_30.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_30_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Reduction Potentials of Electron Carriers in the Electron-Transport Chain Favor Electron Flow from NADH to O2lodish8e_ch12_31.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_31_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Multiprotein Complexes of the Electron-Transport Chain Assemble into Supercomplexes lodish8e_ch12_32.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_32_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Reactive Oxygen Species Are By-Products of Electron Transport lodish8e_ch12_33.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_33_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Experiments Using Purified Electron-Transport Chain Complexes Established the Stoichiometry of Proton Pumping lodish8e_ch12_34.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_34_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Proton-Motive Force in Mitochondria Is Due Largely to a Voltage Gradient Across the Inner Membrane lodish8e_ch12_35.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_35_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.4lodish8e_ch12_36.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_36_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.5 Harnessing the Proton-Motive Force to Synthesize ATP lodish8e_ch12_37.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_37_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Mechanism of ATP Synthesis Is Shared Among Bacteria, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts lodish8e_ch12_38.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_38_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
ATP Synthase Comprises F0 and F1 Multiprotein Complexes lodish8e_ch12_39.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_39_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Rotation of the F1 γ Subunit, Driven by Proton Movement Through F0, Powers ATP Synthesis lodish8e_ch12_40.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_40_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Multiple Protons Must Pass Through ATP Synthase to Synthesize One ATP lodish8e_ch12_41.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_41_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
F0 c Ring Rotation Is Driven by Protons Flowing Through Transmembrane Channels lodish8e_ch12_42.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_42_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
ATP-ADP Exchange Across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Is Powered by the Proton-Motive Force lodish8e_ch12_43.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_43_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Rate of Mitochondrial Oxidation Normally Depends on ADP Levels lodish8e_ch12_44.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_44_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Mitochondria in Brown Fat Use the Proton-Motive Force to Generate Heat lodish8e_ch12_45.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_45_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.5lodish8e_ch12_46.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_46_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.6 Photosynthesis and Light-Absorbing Pigments lodish8e_ch12_47.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_47_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Thylakoid Membranes in Chloroplasts Are the Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants lodish8e_ch12_48.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_48_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Chloroplasts Contain Large DNAs Often Encoding More Than a Hundred Proteins lodish8e_ch12_49.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_49_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Three of the Four Stages in Photosynthesis Occur Only During Illumination lodish8e_ch12_50.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_50_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Photosystems Comprise a Reaction Center and Associated Light-Harvesting Complexes lodish8e_ch12_51.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_51_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Photoelectron Transport from Energized Reaction-Center Chlorophyll a Produces a Charge Separation lodish8e_ch12_52.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_52_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Internal Antennas and Light-Harvesting Complexes Increase the Efficiency of Photosynthesis lodish8e_ch12_53.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_53_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.6lodish8e_ch12_54.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_54_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.7 Molecular Analysis of Photosystems lodish8e_ch12_55.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_55_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
The Single Photosystem of Purple Bacteria Generates a Proton-Motive Force but No O2lodish8e_ch12_56.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_56_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Chloroplasts Contain Two Functionally and Spatially Distinct Photosystems lodish8e_ch12_57.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_57_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Linear Electron Flow Through Both Plant Photosystems Generates a Proton-Motive Force, O2, and NADPH lodish8e_ch12_58.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_58_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
An Oxygen-Evolving Complex Is Located on the Luminal Surface of the PSII Reaction Center lodish8e_ch12_59.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_59_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Multiple Mechanisms Protect Cells Against Damage from Reactive Oxygen Species During Photoelectron Transport lodish8e_ch12_60.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_60_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Cyclic Electron Flow Through PSI Generates a Proton-Motive Force but No NADPH or O2lodish8e_ch12_61.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_61_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Relative Activities of Photosystems I and II Are Regulated lodish8e_ch12_62.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_62_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.7lodish8e_ch12_63.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_63_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
12.8 CO2 Metabolism During Photosynthesis lodish8e_ch12_64.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_64_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Rubisco Fixes CO2 in the Chloroplast Stroma lodish8e_ch12_65.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_65_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Synthesis of Sucrose Using Fixed CO2 Is Completed in the Cytosol lodish8e_ch12_66.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_66_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Light and Rubisco Activase Stimulate CO2 Fixation lodish8e_ch12_67.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_67_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Photorespiration Competes with Carbon Fixation and Is Reduced in C4 Plants lodish8e_ch12_68.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_68_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Concepts of Section 12.8lodish8e_ch12_69.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_69_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch12_70.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_70_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch12_71.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_71_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch12_72.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_72_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch12_73.html572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch12_73_dlap.xml572b8b9d757a2e9231000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch13_1.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_1_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
13.1 Targeting Proteins To and Across the ER Membrane lodish8e_ch13_2.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_2_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Pulse-Chase Experiments with Purified ER Membranes Demonstrated That Secreted Proteins Cross the ER Membrane lodish8e_ch13_3.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_3_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
A Hydrophobic N-Terminal Signal Sequence Targets Nascent Secretory Proteins to the ER lodish8e_ch13_4.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_4_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Cotranslational Translocation Is Initiated by Two GTP-Hydrolyzing Proteins lodish8e_ch13_5.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_5_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Passage of Growing Polypeptides Through the Translocon Is Driven by Translation lodish8e_ch13_6.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_6_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
ATP Hydrolysis Powers Post-translational Translocation of Some Secretory Proteins in Yeast lodish8e_ch13_7.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_7_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Concepts of Section 13.1lodish8e_ch13_8.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_8_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
13.2 Insertion of Membrane Proteins into the ER lodish8e_ch13_9.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_9_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Several Topological Classes of Integral Membrane Proteins Are Synthesized on the ER lodish8e_ch13_10.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_10_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Internal Stop-Transfer Anchor and Signal-Anchor Sequences Determine Topology of Single-Pass Proteins lodish8e_ch13_11.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_11_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Multipass Proteins Have Multiple Internal Topogenic Sequences lodish8e_ch13_12.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_12_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
A Phospholipid Anchor Tethers Some Cell-Surface Proteins to the Membrane lodish8e_ch13_13.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_13_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
The Topology of a Membrane Protein Can Often Be Deduced from Its Sequence lodish8e_ch13_14.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_14_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Concepts of Section 13.2lodish8e_ch13_15.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_15_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
13.3 Protein Modifications, Folding, and Quality Control in the ER lodish8e_ch13_16.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_16_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
A Preformed N-Linked Oligosaccharide Is Added to Many Proteins in the Rough ER lodish8e_ch13_17.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_17_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Oligosaccharide Side Chains May Promote Folding and Stability of Glycoproteins lodish8e_ch13_18.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_18_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Disulfide Bonds Are Formed and Rearranged by Proteins in the ER Lumen lodish8e_ch13_19.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_19_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Chaperones and Other ER Proteins Facilitate Folding and Assembly of Proteins lodish8e_ch13_20.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_20_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Improperly Folded Proteins in the ER Induce Expression of Protein-Folding Catalysts lodish8e_ch13_21.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_21_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Unassembled or Misfolded Proteins in the ER Are Often Transported to the Cytosol for Degradation lodish8e_ch13_22.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_22_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Concepts of Section 13.3lodish8e_ch13_23.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_23_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
13.4 Targeting of Proteins to Mitochondria and Chloroplasts lodish8e_ch13_24.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_24_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Amphipathic N-Terminal Targeting Sequences Direct Proteins to the Mitochondrial Matrix lodish8e_ch13_25.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_25_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Mitochondrial Protein Import Requires Outer-Membrane Receptors and Translocons in Both Membranes lodish8e_ch13_26.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_26_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Studies with Chimeric Proteins Demonstrate Important Features of Mitochondrial Protein Import lodish8e_ch13_27.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_27_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Three Energy Inputs Are Needed to Import Proteins into Mitochondria lodish8e_ch13_28.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_28_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Multiple Signals and Pathways Target Proteins to Submitochondrial Compartments lodish8e_ch13_29.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_29_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Import of Chloroplast Stromal Proteins Is Similar to Import of Mitochondrial Matrix Proteins lodish8e_ch13_30.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_30_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Proteins Are Targeted to Thylakoids by Mechanisms Related to Bacterial Protein Translocation lodish8e_ch13_31.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_31_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Concepts of Section 13.4lodish8e_ch13_32.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_32_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
13.5 Targeting of Peroxisomal Proteins lodish8e_ch13_33.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_33_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
A Cytosolic Receptor Targets Proteins with an SKL Sequence at the C-Terminus to the Peroxisomal Matrix lodish8e_ch13_34.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_34_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Peroxisomal Membrane and Matrix Proteins Are Incorporated by Different Pathways lodish8e_ch13_35.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_35_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Concepts of Section 13.5lodish8e_ch13_36.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_36_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
13.6 Transport Into and Out of the Nucleus lodish8e_ch13_37.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_37_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Large and Small Molecules Enter and Leave the Nucleus via Nuclear Pore Complexes lodish8e_ch13_38.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_38_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Nuclear Transport Receptors Escort Proteins Containing Nuclear-Localization Signals into the Nucleus lodish8e_ch13_39.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_39_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
A Second Type of Nuclear Transport Receptor Escorts Proteins Containing Nuclear-Export Signals Out of the Nucleus lodish8e_ch13_40.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_40_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Most mRNAs Are Exported from the Nucleus by a Ran-Independent Mechanism lodish8e_ch13_41.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_41_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Concepts of Section 13.6lodish8e_ch13_42.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_42_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch13_43.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_43_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch13_44.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_44_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
References lodish8e_ch13_45.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_45_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch13_46.html56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch13_46_dlap.xml56e9963a757a2e9e52000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch14_1.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_1_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
14.1 Techniques for Studying the Secretory Pathway lodish8e_ch14_2.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_2_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Transport of a Protein Through the Secretory Pathway Can Be Assayed in Live Cells lodish8e_ch14_3.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_3_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Yeast Mutants Define Major Stages and Many Components in Vesicular Transport lodish8e_ch14_4.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_4_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Cell-Free Transport Assays Allow Dissection of Individual Steps in Vesicular Transport lodish8e_ch14_5.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_5_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Concepts of Section 14.1lodish8e_ch14_6.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_6_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
14.2 Molecular Mechanisms of Vesicle Budding and Fusion lodish8e_ch14_7.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_7_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Assembly of a Protein Coat Drives Vesicle Formation and Selection of Cargo Molecules lodish8e_ch14_8.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_8_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
A Conserved Set of GTPase Switch Proteins Controls the Assembly of Different Vesicle Coats lodish8e_ch14_9.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_9_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Targeting Sequences on Cargo Proteins Make Specific Molecular Contacts with Coat Proteins lodish8e_ch14_10.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_10_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Rab GTPases Control Docking of Vesicles on Target Membranes lodish8e_ch14_11.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_11_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Paired Sets of SNARE Proteins Mediate Fusion of Vesicles with Target Membranes lodish8e_ch14_12.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_12_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Dissociation of SNARE Complexes After Membrane Fusion Is Driven by ATP Hydrolysis lodish8e_ch14_13.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_13_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Concepts of Section 14.2lodish8e_ch14_14.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_14_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
14.3 Early Stages of the Secretory Pathway lodish8e_ch14_15.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_15_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
COPII Vesicles Mediate Transport from the ER to the Golgi lodish8e_ch14_16.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_16_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
COPI Vesicles Mediate Retrograde Transport Within the Golgi and from the Golgi to the ER lodish8e_ch14_17.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_17_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Anterograde Transport Through the Golgi Occurs by Cisternal Maturation lodish8e_ch14_18.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_18_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Concepts of Section 14.3lodish8e_ch14_19.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_19_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
14.4 Later Stages of the Secretory Pathway lodish8e_ch14_20.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_20_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Vesicles Coated with Clathrin and Adapter Proteins Mediate Transport from the trans-Golgi lodish8e_ch14_21.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_21_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Dynamin Is Required for Pinching Off of Clathrin-Coated Vesicles lodish8e_ch14_22.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_22_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Mannose 6-Phosphate Residues Target Soluble Proteins to Lysosomes lodish8e_ch14_23.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_23_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Study of Lysosomal Storage Diseases Revealed Key Components of the Lysosomal Sorting Pathway lodish8e_ch14_24.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_24_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Protein Aggregation in the trans-Golgi May Function in Sorting Proteins to Regulated Secretory Vesicles lodish8e_ch14_25.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_25_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Some Proteins Undergo Proteolytic Processing After Leaving the trans-Golgi lodish8e_ch14_26.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_26_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Several Pathways Sort Membrane Proteins to the Apical or Basolateral Region of Polarized Cells lodish8e_ch14_27.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_27_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Concepts of Section 14.4lodish8e_ch14_28.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_28_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
14.5 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis lodish8e_ch14_29.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_29_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Cells Take Up Lipids from the Blood in the Form of Large, Well-Defined Lipoprotein Complexes lodish8e_ch14_30.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_30_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Receptors for Macromolecular Ligands Contain Sorting Signals That Target Them for Endocytosis lodish8e_ch14_31.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_31_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
The Acidic pH of Late Endosomes Causes Most Receptor-Ligand Complexes to Dissociate lodish8e_ch14_32.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_32_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
The Endocytic Pathway Delivers Iron to Cells Without Dissociation of the Transferrin–Transferrin Receptor Complex in Endosomes lodish8e_ch14_33.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_33_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Concepts of Section 14.5lodish8e_ch14_34.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_34_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
14.6 Directing Membrane Proteins and Cytosolic Materials to the Lysosome lodish8e_ch14_35.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_35_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Multivesicular Endosomes Segregate Membrane Proteins Destined for the Lysosomal Membrane from Proteins Destined for Lysosomal Degradation lodish8e_ch14_36.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_36_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Retroviruses Bud from the Plasma Membrane by a Process Similar to Formation of Multivesicular Endosomes lodish8e_ch14_37.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_37_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
The Autophagic Pathway Delivers Cytosolic Proteins or Entire Organelles to Lysosomes lodish8e_ch14_38.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_38_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Concepts of Section 14.6lodish8e_ch14_39.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_39_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch14_40.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_40_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch14_41.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_41_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
References lodish8e_ch14_42.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_42_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Classic Experiment 14-1: Following a Protein Out of the Celllodish8e_ch14_43.html572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch14_43_dlap.xml572b8bf1757a2e0432000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch15_1.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_1_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
15.1 Signal Transduction: From Extracellular Signal to Cellular Response lodish8e_ch15_2.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_2_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Signaling Molecules Can Act Locally or at a Distance lodish8e_ch15_3.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_3_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Receptors Bind Only a Single Type of Hormone or a Group of Closely Related Hormones lodish8e_ch15_4.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_4_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Are Employed in Many Signaling Pathways lodish8e_ch15_5.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_5_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
GTP-Binding Proteins Are Frequently Used in Signal Transduction Pathways as On/Off Switches lodish8e_ch15_6.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_6_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Intracellular “Second Messengers” Transmit Signals from Many Receptors lodish8e_ch15_7.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_7_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Signal Transduction Pathways Can Amplify the Effects of Extracellular Signals lodish8e_ch15_8.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_8_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Concepts of Section 15.1lodish8e_ch15_9.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_9_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
15.2 Studying Cell-Surface Receptors and Signal Transduction Proteins lodish8e_ch15_10.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_10_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
The Dissociation Constant Is a Measure of the Affinity of a Receptor for Its Ligand lodish8e_ch15_11.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_11_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Binding Assays Are Used to Detect Receptors and Determine Their Affinity and Specificity for Ligands lodish8e_ch15_12.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_12_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Near-Maximal Cellular Response to a Signaling Molecule Usually Does Not Require Activation of All Receptors lodish8e_ch15_13.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_13_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Sensitivity of a Cell to External Signals Is Determined by the Number of Cell-Surface Receptors and Their Affinity for Ligand lodish8e_ch15_14.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_14_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Hormone Analogs Are Widely Used as Drugs lodish8e_ch15_15.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_15_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Receptors Can Be Purified by Affinity Chromatography Techniques lodish8e_ch15_16.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_16_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Immunoprecipitation Assays and Affinity Techniques Can Be Used to Study the Activity of Signal Transduction Proteins lodish8e_ch15_17.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_17_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Concepts of Section 15.2lodish8e_ch15_18.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_18_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
15.3 G Protein–Coupled Receptors: Structure and Mechanism lodish8e_ch15_19.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_19_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
All G Protein–Coupled Receptors Share the Same Basic Structure lodish8e_ch15_20.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_20_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Ligand-Activated G Protein–Coupled Receptors Catalyze Exchange of GTP for GDP on the α Subunit of a Heterotrimeric G Protein lodish8e_ch15_21.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_21_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Different G Proteins Are Activated by Different GPCRs and In Turn Regulate Different Effector Proteins lodish8e_ch15_22.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_22_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Concepts of Section 15.3lodish8e_ch15_23.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_23_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
15.4 G Protein–Coupled Receptors That Regulate Ion Channels lodish8e_ch15_24.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_24_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Acetylcholine Receptors in the Heart Muscle Activate a G Protein That Opens K+ Channels lodish8e_ch15_25.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_25_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Light Activates Rhodopsin in Rod Cells of the Eye lodish8e_ch15_26.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_26_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Activation of Rhodopsin by Light Leads to Closing of cGMP-Gated Cation Channels lodish8e_ch15_27.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_27_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Signal Amplification Makes the Rhodopsin Signal Transduction Pathway Exquisitely Sensitive lodish8e_ch15_28.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_28_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Rapid Termination of the Rhodopsin Signal Transduction Pathway Is Essential for the Temporal Resolution of Vision lodish8e_ch15_29.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_29_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Rod Cells Adapt to Varying Levels of Ambient Light by Intracellular Trafficking of Arrestin and Transducin lodish8e_ch15_30.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_30_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Concepts of Section 15.4lodish8e_ch15_31.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_31_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
15.5 G Protein–Coupled Receptors That Activate or Inhibit Adenylyl Cyclase lodish8e_ch15_32.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_32_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Adenylyl Cyclase Is Stimulated and Inhibited by Different Receptor-Ligand Complexes lodish8e_ch15_33.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_33_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Structural Studies Established How Gαs·GTP Binds to and Activates Adenylyl Cyclase lodish8e_ch15_34.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_34_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
cAMP Activates Protein Kinase A by Releasing Inhibitory Subunits lodish8e_ch15_35.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_35_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Glycogen Metabolism Is Regulated by Hormone-Induced Activation of PKA lodish8e_ch15_36.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_36_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
cAMP-Mediated Activation of PKA Produces Diverse Responses in Different Cell Types lodish8e_ch15_37.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_37_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Signal Amplification Occurs in the cAMP-PKA Pathway lodish8e_ch15_38.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_38_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
CREB Links cAMP and PKA to Activation of Gene Transcription lodish8e_ch15_39.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_39_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Anchoring Proteins Localize Effects of cAMP to Specific Regions of the Cell lodish8e_ch15_40.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_40_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Multiple Mechanisms Suppress Signaling from the GPCR/cAMP/PKA Pathway lodish8e_ch15_41.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_41_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Concepts of Section 15.5lodish8e_ch15_42.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_42_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
15.6 G Protein–Coupled Receptors That Trigger Elevations in Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Calcium lodish8e_ch15_43.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_43_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Calcium Concentrations in the Mitochondrial Matrix, ER, and Cytosol Can Be Measured with Targeted Fluorescent Proteins lodish8e_ch15_44.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_44_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Activated Phospholipase C Generates Two Key Second Messengers Derived from the Membrane Lipid Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate lodish8e_ch15_45.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_45_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
The Ca2+-Calmodulin Complex Mediates Many Cellular Responses to External Signals lodish8e_ch15_46.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_46_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DAG Activates Protein Kinase C lodish8e_ch15_47.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_47_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Integration of Ca2+ and cAMP Second Messengers Regulates Glycogenolysis lodish8e_ch15_48.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_48_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Signal-Induced Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Is Mediated by a Ca2+-Nitric Oxide-cGMP-Activated Protein Kinase G Pathway lodish8e_ch15_49.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_49_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Concepts of Section 15.6lodish8e_ch15_50.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_50_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch15_51.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_51_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch15_52.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_52_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
References lodish8e_ch15_53.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_53_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch15_54.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_54_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Classic Experiment 15-1: The Infancy of Signal Transduction Studies: GTP Stimulation of cAMP Synthesislodish8e_ch15_55.html572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch15_55_dlap.xml572b8c37757a2eeb31000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch16_1.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_1_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.1 Receptor Serine Kinases That Activate Smads lodish8e_ch16_2.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_2_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
TGF-β Proteins Are Stored in an Inactive Form in the Extracellular Matrix lodish8e_ch16_3.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_3_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Three Separate TGF-β Receptor Proteins Participate in Binding TGF-β and Activating Signal Transduction lodish8e_ch16_4.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_4_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Activated TGF-β Receptors Phosphorylate Smad Transcription Factors lodish8e_ch16_5.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_5_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
The Smad3/Smad4 Complex Activates Expression of Different Genes in Different Cell Types lodish8e_ch16_6.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_6_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Negative Feedback Loops Regulate TGF-β/Smad Signaling lodish8e_ch16_7.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_7_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.1lodish8e_ch16_8.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_8_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.2 Cytokine Receptors and the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway lodish8e_ch16_9.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_9_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Cytokines Influence the Development of Many Cell Types lodish8e_ch16_10.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_10_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Binding of a Cytokine to Its Receptor Activates One or More Tightly Bound JAK Protein Tyrosine Kinases lodish8e_ch16_11.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_11_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Phosphotyrosine Residues Are Binding Surfaces for Multiple Proteins with Conserved Domains lodish8e_ch16_12.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_12_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
SH2 Domains in Action: JAK Kinases Activate STAT Transcription Factors lodish8e_ch16_13.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_13_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Multiple Mechanisms Down-Regulate Signaling from Cytokine Receptors lodish8e_ch16_14.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_14_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.2lodish8e_ch16_15.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_15_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases lodish8e_ch16_16.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_16_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Binding of Ligand Promotes Dimerization of an RTK and Leads to Activation of Its Intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase lodish8e_ch16_17.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_17_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Homo- and Hetero-oligomers of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Bind Members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Family lodish8e_ch16_18.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_18_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Activation of the EGF Receptor Results in the Formation of an Asymmetric Active Kinase Dimer lodish8e_ch16_19.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_19_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Multiple Mechanisms Down-Regulate Signaling from RTKs lodish8e_ch16_20.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_20_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.3lodish8e_ch16_21.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_21_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.4 The Ras/MAP Kinase Pathway lodish8e_ch16_22.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_22_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Ras, a GTPase Switch Protein, Operates Downstream of Most RTKs and Cytokine Receptors lodish8e_ch16_23.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_23_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Genetic Studies in Drosophila Identified Key Signal-Transducing Proteins in the Ras/MAP Kinase Pathway lodish8e_ch16_24.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_24_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Are Linked to Ras by Adapter Proteins lodish8e_ch16_25.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_25_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Binding of Sos to Inactive Ras Causes a Conformational Change That Triggers an Exchange of GTP for GDP lodish8e_ch16_26.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_26_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Signals Pass from Activated Ras to a Cascade of Protein Kinases Ending with MAP Kinase lodish8e_ch16_27.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_27_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Phosphorylation of MAP Kinase Results in a Conformational Change That Enhances Its Catalytic Activity and Promotes Its Dimerization lodish8e_ch16_28.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_28_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
MAP Kinase Regulates the Activity of Many Transcription Factors Controlling Early Response Genes lodish8e_ch16_29.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_29_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
G Protein–Coupled Receptors Transmit Signals to MAP Kinase in Yeast Mating Pathways lodish8e_ch16_30.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_30_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Scaffold Proteins Separate Multiple MAP Kinase Pathways in Eukaryotic Cells lodish8e_ch16_31.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_31_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.4lodish8e_ch16_32.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_32_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.5 Phosphoinositide Signaling Pathways lodish8e_ch16_33.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_33_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Phospholipase Cγ Is Activated by Some RTKs and Cytokine Receptors lodish8e_ch16_34.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_34_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Recruitment of PI-3 Kinase to Activated Receptors Leads to Synthesis of Three Phosphorylated Phosphatidylinositols lodish8e_ch16_35.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_35_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Accumulation of PI 3-Phosphates in the Plasma Membrane Leads to Activation of Several Kinases lodish8e_ch16_36.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_36_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Activated Protein Kinase B Induces Many Cellular Responses lodish8e_ch16_37.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_37_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
The PI-3 Kinase Pathway Is Negatively Regulated by PTEN Phosphatase lodish8e_ch16_38.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_38_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.5lodish8e_ch16_39.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_39_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.6 Signaling Pathways Controlled by Ubiquitinylation and Protein Degradation: Wnt, Hedgehog, and NF-κB lodish8e_ch16_40.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_40_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Wnt Signaling Triggers Release of a Transcription Factor from a Cytosolic Protein Complex lodish8e_ch16_41.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_41_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Concentration Gradients of Wnt Protein Are Essential for Many Steps in Development lodish8e_ch16_42.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_42_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Hedgehog Signaling Relieves Repression of Target Genes lodish8e_ch16_43.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_43_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Hedgehog Signaling in Vertebrates Requires Primary Cilia lodish8e_ch16_44.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_44_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Degradation of an Inhibitor Protein Activates the NF-κB Transcription Factor lodish8e_ch16_45.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_45_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Polyubiquitin Chains Serve as Scaffolds Linking Receptors to Downstream Proteins in the NF-κB Pathway lodish8e_ch16_46.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_46_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.6lodish8e_ch16_47.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_47_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.7 Signaling Pathways Controlled by Protein Cleavage: Notch/Delta, SREBP, and Alzheimer’s Disease lodish8e_ch16_48.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_48_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
On Binding Delta, the Notch Receptor Is Cleaved, Releasing a Component Transcription Factor lodish8e_ch16_49.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_49_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Matrix Metalloproteases Catalyze Cleavage of Many Signaling Proteins from the Cell Surface lodish8e_ch16_50.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_50_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Inappropriate Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein Can Lead to Alzheimer’s Disease lodish8e_ch16_51.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_51_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of SREBPs Releases a Transcription Factor That Acts to Maintain Phospholipid and Cholesterol Levels lodish8e_ch16_52.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_52_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.7lodish8e_ch16_53.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_53_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
16.8 Integration of Cellular Responses to Multiple Signaling Pathways: Insulin Action lodish8e_ch16_54.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_54_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Insulin and Glucagon Work Together to Maintain a Stable Blood Glucose Level lodish8e_ch16_55.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_55_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
A Rise in Blood Glucose Triggers Insulin Secretion from the β Islet Cells lodish8e_ch16_56.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_56_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
In Fat and Muscle Cells, Insulin Triggers Fusion of Intracellular Vesicles Containing the GLUT4 Glucose Transporter to the Plasma Membrane lodish8e_ch16_57.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_57_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Insulin Inhibits Glucose Synthesis and Enhances Storage of Glucose as Glycogen lodish8e_ch16_58.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_58_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways Interact to Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation Through PPARγ, the Master Transcriptional Regulator lodish8e_ch16_59.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_59_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Inflammatory Hormones Cause Derangement of Adipose Cell Function in Obesity lodish8e_ch16_60.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_60_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Concepts of Section 16.8lodish8e_ch16_61.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_61_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch16_62.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_62_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch16_63.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_63_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
References lodish8e_ch16_64.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_64_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch16_65.html572b8d22757a2e1932000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch16_65_dlap.xml572b8d22757a2e1932000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch17_1.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_1_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.1 Microfilaments and Actin Structures lodish8e_ch17_2.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_2_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Actin Is Ancient, Abundant, and Highly Conserved lodish8e_ch17_3.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_3_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
G-Actin Monomers Assemble into Long, Helical F-Actin Polymers lodish8e_ch17_4.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_4_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
F-Actin Has Structural and Functional Polarity lodish8e_ch17_5.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_5_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.1lodish8e_ch17_6.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_6_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.2 Dynamics of Actin Filaments lodish8e_ch17_7.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_7_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Actin Polymerization In Vitro Proceeds in Three Steps lodish8e_ch17_8.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_8_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Actin Filaments Grow Faster at (+) Ends Than at (−) Ends lodish8e_ch17_9.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_9_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Actin Filament Treadmilling Is Accelerated by Profilin and Cofilin lodish8e_ch17_10.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_10_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Thymosin-β4 Provides a Reservoir of Actin for Polymerization lodish8e_ch17_11.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_11_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Capping Proteins Block Assembly and Disassembly at Actin Filament Ends lodish8e_ch17_12.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_12_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.2lodish8e_ch17_13.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_13_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.3 Mechanisms of Actin Filament Assembly lodish8e_ch17_14.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_14_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Formins Assemble Unbranched Filaments lodish8e_ch17_15.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_15_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
The Arp2/3 Complex Nucleates Branched Filament Assembly lodish8e_ch17_16.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_16_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Intracellular Movements Can Be Powered by Actin Polymerization lodish8e_ch17_17.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_17_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Microfilaments Function in Endocytosis lodish8e_ch17_18.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_18_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Toxins That Perturb the Pool of Actin Monomers Are Useful for Studying Actin Dynamics lodish8e_ch17_19.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_19_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.3lodish8e_ch17_20.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_20_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.4 Organization of Actin-Based Cellular Structures lodish8e_ch17_21.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_21_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Cross-Linking Proteins Organize Actin Filaments into Bundles or Networks lodish8e_ch17_22.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_22_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Adapter Proteins Link Actin Filaments to Membranes lodish8e_ch17_23.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_23_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.4lodish8e_ch17_24.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_24_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.5 Myosins: Actin-Based Motor Proteins lodish8e_ch17_25.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_25_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Myosins Have Head, Neck, and Tail Domains with Distinct Functions lodish8e_ch17_26.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_26_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Myosins Make Up a Large Family of Mechanochemical Motor Proteins lodish8e_ch17_27.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_27_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Conformational Changes in the Myosin Head Couple ATP Hydrolysis to Movement lodish8e_ch17_28.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_28_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Myosin Heads Take Discrete Steps Along Actin Filaments lodish8e_ch17_29.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_29_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.5lodish8e_ch17_30.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_30_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.6 Myosin-Powered Movements lodish8e_ch17_31.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_31_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Myosin Thick Filaments and Actin Thin Filaments in Skeletal Muscle Slide Past Each Other During Contraction lodish8e_ch17_32.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_32_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Skeletal Muscle Is Structured by Stabilizing and Scaffolding Proteins lodish8e_ch17_33.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_33_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Is Regulated by Ca2+ and Actin-Binding Proteins lodish8e_ch17_34.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_34_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Actin and Myosin II Form Contractile Bundles in Nonmuscle Cells lodish8e_ch17_35.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_35_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Myosin-Dependent Mechanisms Regulate Contraction in Smooth Muscle and Nonmuscle Cells lodish8e_ch17_36.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_36_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Myosin V–Bound Vesicles Are Carried Along Actin Filaments lodish8e_ch17_37.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_37_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.6lodish8e_ch17_38.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_38_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
17.7 Cell Migration: Mechanism, Signaling, and Chemotaxis lodish8e_ch17_39.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_39_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Cell Migration Coordinates Force Generation with Cell Adhesion and Membrane Recycling lodish8e_ch17_40.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_40_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
The Small GTP-Binding Proteins Cdc42, Rac, and Rho Control Actin Organization lodish8e_ch17_41.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_41_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Cell Migration Involves the Coordinate Regulation of Cdc42, Rac, and Rho lodish8e_ch17_42.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_42_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Migrating Cells Are Steered by Chemotactic Molecules lodish8e_ch17_43.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_43_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Concepts of Section 17.7lodish8e_ch17_44.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_44_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch17_45.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_45_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch17_46.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_46_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch17_47.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_47_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch17_48.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_48_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Classic Experiment 17-1: Looking at Muscle Contractionlodish8e_ch17_49.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_49_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Classic Experiment 17-2: Sensing Chemotactic Gradientslodish8e_ch17_50.html572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch17_50_dlap.xml572b8d8b757a2e2232000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch18_1.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_1_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.1 Microtubule Structure and Organization lodish8e_ch18_2.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_2_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Microtubule Walls Are Polarized Structures Built from αβ-Tubulin Dimers lodish8e_ch18_3.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_3_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Microtubules Are Assembled from MTOCs to Generate Diverse Configurations lodish8e_ch18_4.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_4_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.1lodish8e_ch18_5.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_5_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.2 Microtubule Dynamics lodish8e_ch18_6.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_6_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Individual Microtubules Exhibit Dynamic Instability lodish8e_ch18_7.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_7_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Localized Assembly and “Search and Capture” Help Organize Microtubules lodish8e_ch18_8.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_8_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Drugs Affecting Tubulin Polymerization Are Useful Experimentally and in Treatment of Diseases lodish8e_ch18_9.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_9_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.2lodish8e_ch18_10.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_10_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.3 Regulation of Microtubule Structure and Dynamics lodish8e_ch18_11.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_11_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Microtubules Are Stabilized by Side-Binding Proteins lodish8e_ch18_12.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_12_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
+TIPs Regulate the Properties and Functions of the Microtubule (+) End lodish8e_ch18_13.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_13_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Other End-Binding Proteins Regulate Microtubule Disassembly lodish8e_ch18_14.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_14_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.3lodish8e_ch18_15.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_15_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.4 Kinesins and Dyneins: Microtubule-Based Motor Proteins lodish8e_ch18_16.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_16_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Organelles in Axons Are Transported Along Microtubules in Both Directions lodish8e_ch18_17.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_17_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Kinesin-1 Powers Anterograde Transport of Vesicles Down Axons Toward the (+) Ends of Microtubules lodish8e_ch18_18.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_18_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
The Kinesins Form a Large Protein Superfamily with Diverse Functions lodish8e_ch18_19.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_19_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Kinesin-1 Is a Highly Processive Motor lodish8e_ch18_20.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_20_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Dynein Motors Transport Organelles Toward the (−) Ends of Microtubules lodish8e_ch18_21.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_21_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Kinesins and Dyneins Cooperate in the Transport of Organelles Throughout the Cell lodish8e_ch18_22.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_22_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Tubulin Modifications Distinguish Different Classes of Microtubules and Their Accessibility to Motors lodish8e_ch18_23.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_23_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.4lodish8e_ch18_24.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_24_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.5 Cilia and Flagella: Microtubule-Based Surface Structures lodish8e_ch18_25.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_25_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Eukaryotic Cilia and Flagella Contain Long Doublet Microtubules Bridged by Dynein Motors lodish8e_ch18_26.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_26_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Ciliary and Flagellar Beating Are Produced by Controlled Sliding of Outer Doublet Microtubules lodish8e_ch18_27.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_27_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Intraflagellar Transport Moves Material Up and Down Cilia and Flagella lodish8e_ch18_28.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_28_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Primary Cilia Are Sensory Organelles on Interphase Cells lodish8e_ch18_29.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_29_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Defects in Primary Cilia Underlie Many Diseases lodish8e_ch18_30.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_30_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.5lodish8e_ch18_31.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_31_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.6 Mitosis lodish8e_ch18_32.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_32_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Centrosomes Duplicate Early in the Cell Cycle in Preparation for Mitosis lodish8e_ch18_33.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_33_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Mitosis Can Be Divided into Six Stages lodish8e_ch18_34.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_34_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
The Mitotic Spindle Contains Three Classes of Microtubules lodish8e_ch18_35.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_35_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Microtubule Dynamics Increase Dramatically in Mitosis lodish8e_ch18_36.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_36_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Mitotic Asters Are Pushed Apart by Kinesin-5 and Oriented by Dynein lodish8e_ch18_37.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_37_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Chromosomes Are Captured and Oriented During Prometaphase lodish8e_ch18_38.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_38_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Duplicated Chromosomes Are Aligned by Motors and Microtubule Dynamics lodish8e_ch18_39.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_39_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
The Chromosomal Passenger Complex Regulates Microtubule Attachment at Kinetochores lodish8e_ch18_40.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_40_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Anaphase A Moves Chromosomes to Poles by Microtubule Shortening lodish8e_ch18_41.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_41_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Anaphase B Separates Poles by the Combined Action of Kinesins and Dynein lodish8e_ch18_42.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_42_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Additional Mechanisms Contribute to Spindle Formation lodish8e_ch18_43.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_43_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Cytokinesis Splits the Duplicated Cell in Two lodish8e_ch18_44.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_44_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Plant Cells Reorganize Their Microtubules and Build a New Cell Wall in Mitosis lodish8e_ch18_45.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_45_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.6lodish8e_ch18_46.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_46_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.7 Intermediate Filaments lodish8e_ch18_47.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_47_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Intermediate Filaments Are Assembled from Subunit Dimers lodish8e_ch18_48.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_48_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Intermediate Filaments Are Dynamic lodish8e_ch18_49.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_49_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Cytoplasmic Intermediate Filament Proteins Are Expressed in a Tissue-Specific Manner lodish8e_ch18_50.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_50_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Lamins Line the Inner Nuclear Envelope To Provide Organization and Rigidity to the Nucleus lodish8e_ch18_51.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_51_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Lamins Are Reversibly Disassembled by Phosphorylation During Mitosis lodish8e_ch18_52.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_52_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.7lodish8e_ch18_53.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_53_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
18.8 Coordination and Cooperation Between Cytoskeletal Elements lodish8e_ch18_54.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_54_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Intermediate Filament–Associated Proteins Contribute to Cellular Organization lodish8e_ch18_55.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_55_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Microfilaments and Microtubules Cooperate to Transport Melanosomes lodish8e_ch18_56.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_56_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Cdc42 Coordinates Microtubules and Microfilaments During Cell Migration lodish8e_ch18_57.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_57_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Advancement of Neural Growth Cones Is Coordinated by Microfilaments and Microtubules lodish8e_ch18_58.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_58_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Concepts of Section 18.8lodish8e_ch18_59.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_59_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Key Terms lodish8e_ch18_60.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_60_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch18_61.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_61_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Extended References lodish8e_ch18_62.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_62_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch18_63.html572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch18_63_dlap.xml572b8dc6757a2e1932000001
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch19_1.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_1_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.1 Overview of the Cell Cycle and Its Control lodish8e_ch19_2.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_2_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The Cell Cycle Is an Ordered Series of Events Leading to Cell Replication lodish8e_ch19_3.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_3_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Control the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_4.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_4_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Several Key Principles Govern the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_5.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_5_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.1lodish8e_ch19_6.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_6_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.2 Model Organisms and Methods of Studying the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_7.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_7_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Budding and Fission Yeasts Are Powerful Systems for Genetic Analysis of the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_8.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_8_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Frog Oocytes and Early Embryos Facilitate Biochemical Characterization of the Cell Cycle Machinery lodish8e_ch19_9.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_9_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Fruit Flies Reveal the Interplay Between Development and the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_10.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_10_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The Study of Tissue Culture Cells Uncovers Cell Cycle Regulation in Mammals lodish8e_ch19_11.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_11_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Researchers Use Multiple Tools to Study the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_12.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_12_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.2lodish8e_ch19_13.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_13_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.3 Regulation of CDK Activity lodish8e_ch19_14.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_14_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Are Small Protein Kinases That Require a Regulatory Cyclin Subunit for Their Activity lodish8e_ch19_15.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_15_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Cyclins Determine the Activity of CDKs lodish8e_ch19_16.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_16_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Cyclin Levels Are Primarily Regulated by Protein Degradation lodish8e_ch19_17.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_17_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
CDKs Are Regulated by Activating and Inhibitory Phosphorylation lodish8e_ch19_18.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_18_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
CDK Inhibitors Control Cyclin-CDK Activity lodish8e_ch19_19.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_19_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Genetically Engineered CDKs Led to the Discovery of CDK Functions lodish8e_ch19_20.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_20_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.3lodish8e_ch19_21.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_21_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.4 Commitment to the Cell Cycle and DNA Replication lodish8e_ch19_22.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_22_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Cells Are Irreversibly Committed to Division at a Cell Cycle Point Called START or the Restriction Point lodish8e_ch19_23.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_23_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The E2F Transcription Factor and Its Regulator Rb Control the G1–S Phase Transition in Metazoans lodish8e_ch19_24.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_24_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Extracellular Signals Govern Cell Cycle Entry lodish8e_ch19_25.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_25_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Degradation of an S Phase CDK Inhibitor Triggers DNA Replication lodish8e_ch19_26.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_26_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Replication at Each Origin Is Initiated Once and Only Once During the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_27.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_27_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Duplicated DNA Strands Become Linked During Replication lodish8e_ch19_28.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_28_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.4lodish8e_ch19_29.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_29_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.5 Entry into Mitosis lodish8e_ch19_30.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_30_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Precipitous Activation of Mitotic CDKs Initiates Mitosis lodish8e_ch19_31.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_31_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Mitotic CDKs Promote Nuclear Envelope Breakdown lodish8e_ch19_32.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_32_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Mitotic CDKs Promote Mitotic Spindle Formation lodish8e_ch19_33.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_33_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Chromosome Condensation Facilitates Chromosome Segregation lodish8e_ch19_34.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_34_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.5lodish8e_ch19_35.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_35_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.6 Completion of Mitosis: Chromosome Segregation and Exit from Mitosis lodish8e_ch19_36.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_36_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Separase-Mediated Cleavage of Cohesins Initiates Chromosome Segregation lodish8e_ch19_37.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_37_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
APC/C Activates Separase Through Securin Ubiquitinylation lodish8e_ch19_38.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_38_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Mitotic CDK Inactivation Triggers Exit from Mitosis lodish8e_ch19_39.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_39_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Cytokinesis Creates Two Daughter Cells lodish8e_ch19_40.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_40_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.6lodish8e_ch19_41.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_41_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.7 Surveillance Mechanisms in Cell Cycle Regulation lodish8e_ch19_42.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_42_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Checkpoint Pathways Establish Dependencies and Prevent Errors in the Cell Cycle lodish8e_ch19_43.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_43_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The Growth Checkpoint Pathway Ensures That Cells Enter the Cell Cycle Only After Sufficient Macromolecule Biosynthesis lodish8e_ch19_44.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_44_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The DNA Damage Response System Halts Cell Cycle Progression When DNA Is Compromised lodish8e_ch19_45.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_45_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Pathway Prevents Chromosome Segregation Until Chromosomes Are Accurately Attached to the Mitotic Spindle lodish8e_ch19_46.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_46_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
The Spindle Position Checkpoint Pathway Ensures That the Nucleus Is Accurately Partitioned Between Two Daughter Cells lodish8e_ch19_47.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_47_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.7lodish8e_ch19_48.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_48_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
19.8 Meiosis: A Special Type of Cell Division lodish8e_ch19_49.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_49_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Extracellular and Intracellular Cues Regulate Germ Cell Formation lodish8e_ch19_50.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_50_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Several Key Features Distinguish Meiosis from Mitosis lodish8e_ch19_51.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_51_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Recombination and a Meiosis-Specific Cohesin Subunit Are Necessary for the Specialized Chromosome Segregation in Meiosis I lodish8e_ch19_52.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_52_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Co-orienting Sister Kinetochores Is Critical for Meiosis I Chromosome Segregation lodish8e_ch19_53.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_53_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DNA Replication Is Inhibited Between the Two Meiotic Divisions lodish8e_ch19_54.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_54_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Concepts of Section 19.8lodish8e_ch19_55.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_55_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Key Terms lodish8e_ch19_56.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_56_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch19_57.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_57_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
References lodish8e_ch19_58.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_58_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Perspectives for the Future: Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Regulation lodish8e_ch19_59.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_59_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Classic Experiment 19-1: How Cyclins Were Discoveredlodish8e_ch19_60.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_60_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Classic Experiment 19-2: Synthesis and Degradation of Mitotic Cyclin Are Required for Progression through Mitosislodish8e_ch19_61.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_61_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Classic Experiment 19-3: The Formulation of the Checkpoint Conceptlodish8e_ch19_62.html56f563fc757a2e8473000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch19_62_dlap.xml56f563fc757a2e8473000002
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch20_1.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_1_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
20.1 Cell-Cell and Cell–Extracellular Matrix Adhesion: An Overview lodish8e_ch20_2.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_2_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Cell-Adhesion Molecules Bind to One Another and to Intracellular Proteins lodish8e_ch20_3.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_3_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
The Extracellular Matrix Participates in Adhesion, Signaling, and Other Functions lodish8e_ch20_4.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_4_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
The Evolution of Multifaceted Adhesion Molecules Made Possible the Evolution of Diverse Animal Tissues lodish8e_ch20_5.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_5_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Cell-Adhesion Molecules Mediate Mechanotransduction lodish8e_ch20_6.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_6_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Concepts of Section 20.1lodish8e_ch20_7.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_7_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
20.2 Cell-Cell and Cell–Extracellular Junctions and Their Adhesion Molecules lodish8e_ch20_8.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_8_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Epithelial Cells Have Distinct Apical, Lateral, and Basal Surfaces lodish8e_ch20_9.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_9_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Three Types of Junctions Mediate Many Cell-Cell and Cell-ECM Interactions lodish8e_ch20_10.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_10_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Cadherins Mediate Cell-Cell Adhesions in Adherens Junctions and Desmosomes lodish8e_ch20_11.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_11_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Integrins Mediate Cell-ECM Adhesions, Including Those in Epithelial-Cell Hemidesmosomes lodish8e_ch20_12.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_12_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Tight Junctions Seal Off Body Cavities and Restrict Diffusion of Membrane Components lodish8e_ch20_13.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_13_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Gap Junctions Composed of Connexins Allow Small Molecules to Pass Directly Between the Cytosols of Adjacent Cells lodish8e_ch20_14.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_14_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Concepts of Section 20.2lodish8e_ch20_15.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_15_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
20.3 The Extracellular Matrix I: The Basal Lamina lodish8e_ch20_16.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_16_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
The Basal Lamina Provides a Foundation for Assembly of Cells into Tissues lodish8e_ch20_17.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_17_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Laminin, a Multi-adhesive Matrix Protein, Helps Cross-Link Components of the Basal Lamina lodish8e_ch20_18.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_18_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Sheet-Forming Type IV Collagen Is a Major Structural Component of the Basal Lamina lodish8e_ch20_19.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_19_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Perlecan, a Proteoglycan, Cross-Links Components of the Basal Lamina and Cell-Surface Receptors lodish8e_ch20_20.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_20_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Concepts of Section 20.3lodish8e_ch20_21.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_21_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
20.4 The Extracellular Matrix II: Connective Tissue lodish8e_ch20_22.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_22_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Fibrillar Collagens Are the Major Fibrous Proteins in the ECM of Connective Tissues lodish8e_ch20_23.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_23_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Fibrillar Collagen Is Secreted and Assembled into Fibrils Outside the Cell lodish8e_ch20_24.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_24_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Type I and II Collagens Associate with Nonfibrillar Collagens to Form Diverse Structures lodish8e_ch20_25.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_25_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Proteoglycans and Their Constituent GAGs Play Diverse Roles in the ECM lodish8e_ch20_26.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_26_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Hyaluronan Resists Compression, Facilitates Cell Migration, and Gives Cartilage Its Gel-Like Properties lodish8e_ch20_27.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_27_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Fibronectins Connect Cells and ECM, Influencing Cell Shape, Differentiation, and Movement lodish8e_ch20_28.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_28_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Elastic Fibers Permit Many Tissues to Undergo Repeated Stretching and Recoiling lodish8e_ch20_29.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_29_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Metalloproteases Remodel and Degrade the Extracellular Matrix lodish8e_ch20_30.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_30_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Concepts of Section 20.4lodish8e_ch20_31.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_31_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
20.5 Adhesive Interactions in Motile and Nonmotile Cells lodish8e_ch20_32.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_32_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Integrins Mediate Adhesion and Relay Signals Between Cells and Their Three-Dimensional Environment lodish8e_ch20_33.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_33_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Regulation of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion and Signaling Controls Cell Movement lodish8e_ch20_34.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_34_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Connections Between the ECM and Cytoskeleton Are Defective in Muscular Dystrophy lodish8e_ch20_35.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_35_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
IgCAMs Mediate Cell-Cell Adhesion in Neural and Other Tissues lodish8e_ch20_36.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_36_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Leukocyte Movement into Tissues Is Orchestrated by a Precisely Timed Sequence of Adhesive Interactions lodish8e_ch20_37.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_37_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Concepts of Section 20.5lodish8e_ch20_38.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_38_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
20.6 Plant Tissues lodish8e_ch20_39.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_39_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
The Plant Cell Wall Is a Laminate of Cellulose Fibrils in a Matrix of Glycoproteins lodish8e_ch20_40.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_40_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Loosening of the Cell Wall Permits Plant Cell Growth lodish8e_ch20_41.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_41_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Plasmodesmata Directly Connect the Cytosols of Adjacent Cells lodish8e_ch20_42.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_42_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Tunneling Nanotubes Resemble Plasmodesmata and Transfer Molecules and Organelles Between Animal Cells lodish8e_ch20_43.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_43_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Only a Few Adhesion Molecules Have Been Identified in Plants lodish8e_ch20_44.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_44_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Concepts of Section 20.6lodish8e_ch20_45.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_45_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Key Terms lodish8e_ch20_46.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_46_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch20_47.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_47_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Extended References lodish8e_ch20_48.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_48_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch20_49.html57335e81757a2e557f000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch20_49_dlap.xml57335e81757a2e557f000000
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch21_1.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_1_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
21.1 Early Mammalian Development lodish8e_ch21_2.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_2_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Fertilization Unifies the Genome lodish8e_ch21_3.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_3_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Cleavage of the Mammalian Embryo Leads to the First Differentiation Events lodish8e_ch21_4.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_4_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Key Concepts of Section 21.1lodish8e_ch21_5.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_5_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
21.2 Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells lodish8e_ch21_6.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_6_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Inner Cell Mass Is the Source of ES Cells lodish8e_ch21_7.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_7_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Multiple Factors Control the Pluripotency of ES Cells lodish8e_ch21_8.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_8_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Animal Cloning Shows That Differentiation Can Be Reversed lodish8e_ch21_9.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_9_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Somatic Cells Can Generate iPS Cells lodish8e_ch21_10.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_10_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
ES and iPS Cells Can Generate Functional Differentiated Human Cells lodish8e_ch21_11.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_11_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Key Concepts of Section 21.2lodish8e_ch21_12.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_12_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
21.3 Stem Cells and Niches in Multicellular Organisms lodish8e_ch21_13.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_13_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Adult Planaria Contain Pluripotent Stem Cells lodish8e_ch21_14.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_14_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Multipotent Somatic Stem Cells Give Rise to Both Stem Cells and Differentiating Cells lodish8e_ch21_15.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_15_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Stem Cells for Different Tissues Occupy Sustaining Niches lodish8e_ch21_16.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_16_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Germ-Line Stem Cells Produce Sperm or Oocytes lodish8e_ch21_17.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_17_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Intestinal Stem Cells Continuously Generate All the Cells of the Intestinal Epithelium lodish8e_ch21_18.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_18_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Form All Blood Cells lodish8e_ch21_19.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_19_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Rare Types of Cells Constitute the Niche for Hematopoietic Stem Cells lodish8e_ch21_20.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_20_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Meristems Are Niches for Stem Cells in Plants lodish8e_ch21_21.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_21_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
A Negative Feedback Loop Maintains the Size of the Shoot Apical Stem-Cell Population lodish8e_ch21_22.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_22_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Root Meristem Resembles the Shoot Meristem in Structure and Function lodish8e_ch21_23.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_23_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Key Concepts of Section 21.3lodish8e_ch21_24.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_24_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
21.4 Mechanisms of Cell Polarity and Asymmetric Cell Division lodish8e_ch21_25.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_25_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Intrinsic Polarity Program Depends on a Positive Feedback Loop Involving Cdc42 lodish8e_ch21_26.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_26_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Cell Polarization Before Cell Division Follows a Common Hierarchy of Steps lodish8e_ch21_27.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_27_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Polarized Membrane Traffic Allows Yeast to Grow Asymmetrically During Mating lodish8e_ch21_28.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_28_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Par Proteins Direct Cell Asymmetry in the Nematode Embryo lodish8e_ch21_29.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_29_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Par Proteins and Other Polarity Complexes Are Involved in Epithelial-Cell Polarity lodish8e_ch21_30.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_30_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Orients Cells Within an Epithelium lodish8e_ch21_31.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_31_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Par Proteins Are Involved in Asymmetric Division of Stem Cells lodish8e_ch21_32.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_32_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Key Concepts of Section 21.4lodish8e_ch21_33.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_33_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
21.5 Cell Death and Its Regulation lodish8e_ch21_34.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_34_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Most Programmed Cell Death Occurs Through Apoptosis lodish8e_ch21_35.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_35_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Evolutionarily Conserved Proteins Participate in the Apoptotic Pathway lodish8e_ch21_36.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_36_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Caspases Amplify the Initial Apoptotic Signal and Destroy Key Cellular Proteins lodish8e_ch21_37.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_37_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Neurotrophins Promote Survival of Neurons lodish8e_ch21_38.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_38_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Regulation of Apoptosis in Vertebrate Cells lodish8e_ch21_39.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_39_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
The Pro-apoptotic Proteins Bax and Bak Form Pores and Holes in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane lodish8e_ch21_40.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_40_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Release of Cytochrome c and SMAC/DIABLO Proteins from Mitochondria Leads to Formation of the Apoptosome and Caspase Activation lodish8e_ch21_41.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_41_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Trophic Factors Induce Inactivation of Bad, a Pro-apoptotic BH3-Only Protein lodish8e_ch21_42.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_42_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Vertebrate Apoptosis Is Regulated by BH3-Only Pro-apoptotic Proteins That Are Activated by Environmental Stresses lodish8e_ch21_43.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_43_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Two Types of Cell Murder Are Triggered by Tumor Necrosis Factor, Fas Ligand, and Related Death Signals lodish8e_ch21_44.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_44_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Key Concepts of Section 21.5lodish8e_ch21_45.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_45_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Key Terms lodish8e_ch21_46.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_46_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch21_47.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_47_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
References lodish8e_ch21_48.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_48_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch21_49.html57335f01757a2ed17f000002
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch21_49_dlap.xml57335f01757a2ed17f000002
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch22_1.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_1_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
22.1 Neurons and Glia: Building Blocks of the Nervous System lodish8e_ch22_2.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_2_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Information Flows Through Neurons from Dendrites to Axons lodish8e_ch22_3.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_3_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Information Moves Along Axons as Pulses of Ion Flow Called Action Potentials lodish8e_ch22_4.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_4_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Information Flows Between Neurons via Synapses lodish8e_ch22_5.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_5_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
The Nervous System Uses Signaling Circuits Composed of Multiple Neurons lodish8e_ch22_6.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_6_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Glial Cells Form Myelin Sheaths and Support Neurons lodish8e_ch22_7.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_7_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Neural Stem Cells Form Nerve and Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System lodish8e_ch22_8.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_8_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Key Concepts of Section 22.1lodish8e_ch22_9.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_9_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
22.2 Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and the Propagation of Action Potentials lodish8e_ch22_10.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_10_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
The Magnitude of the Action Potential Is Close to ENa and Is Caused by Na+ Influx Through Open Na+ Channels lodish8e_ch22_11.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_11_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Sequential Opening and Closing of Voltage-Gated Na+ and K+ Channels Generate Action Potentials lodish8e_ch22_12.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_12_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Action Potentials Are Propagated Unidirectionally Without Diminution lodish8e_ch22_13.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_13_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Nerve Cells Can Conduct Many Action Potentials in the Absence of ATP lodish8e_ch22_14.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_14_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
All Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Have Similar Structures lodish8e_ch22_15.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_15_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Voltage-Sensing S4 α Helices Move in Response to Membrane Depolarization lodish8e_ch22_16.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_16_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Movement of the Channel-Inactivating Segment into the Open Pore Blocks Ion Flow lodish8e_ch22_17.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_17_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Myelination Increases the Velocity of Impulse Conduction lodish8e_ch22_18.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_18_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Action Potentials “Jump” from Node to Node in Myelinated Axons lodish8e_ch22_19.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_19_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Two Types of Glia Produce Myelin Sheaths lodish8e_ch22_20.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_20_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Light-Activated Ion Channels and Optogenetics lodish8e_ch22_21.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_21_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Key Concepts of Section 22.2lodish8e_ch22_22.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_22_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
22.3 Communication at Synapses lodish8e_ch22_23.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_23_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Formation of Synapses Requires Assembly of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Structures lodish8e_ch22_24.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_24_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Neurotransmitters Are Transported into Synaptic Vesicles by H+-Linked Antiport Proteins lodish8e_ch22_25.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_25_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Three Pools of Synaptic Vesicles Loaded with Neurotransmitter Are Present in the Presynaptic Terminal lodish8e_ch22_26.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_26_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Influx of Ca2+ Triggers Release of Neurotransmitters lodish8e_ch22_27.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_27_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
A Calcium-Binding Protein Regulates Fusion of Synaptic Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane lodish8e_ch22_28.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_28_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Fly Mutants Lacking Dynamin Cannot Recycle Synaptic Vesicles lodish8e_ch22_29.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_29_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Signaling at Synapses Is Terminated by Degradation or Reuptake of Neurotransmitters lodish8e_ch22_30.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_30_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Opening of Acetylcholine-Gated Cation Channels Leads to Muscle Contraction lodish8e_ch22_31.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_31_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
All Five Subunits in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Contribute to the Ion Channel lodish8e_ch22_32.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_32_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Nerve Cells Integrate Many Inputs to Make an All-or-None Decision to Generate an Action Potential lodish8e_ch22_33.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_33_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Gap Junctions Allow Direct Communication Between Neurons and Between Glia lodish8e_ch22_34.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_34_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Key Concepts of Section 22.3lodish8e_ch22_35.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_35_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
22.4 Sensing the Environment: Touch, Pain, Taste, and Smell lodish8e_ch22_36.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_36_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Mechanoreceptors Are Gated Cation Channels lodish8e_ch22_37.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_37_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Pain Receptors Are Also Gated Cation Channels lodish8e_ch22_38.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_38_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Five Primary Tastes Are Sensed by Subsets of Cells in Each Taste Bud lodish8e_ch22_39.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_39_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
A Plethora of Receptors Detect Odors lodish8e_ch22_40.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_40_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Each Olfactory Receptor Neuron Expresses a Single Type of Odorant Receptor lodish8e_ch22_41.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_41_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Key Concepts of Section 22.4lodish8e_ch22_42.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_42_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
22.5 Forming and Storing Memories lodish8e_ch22_43.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_43_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Memories Are Formed by Changing the Number or Strength of Synapses Between Neurons lodish8e_ch22_44.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_44_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
The Hippocampus Is Required for Memory Formation lodish8e_ch22_45.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_45_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Multiple Molecular Mechanisms Contribute to Synaptic Plasticity lodish8e_ch22_46.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_46_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Formation of Long-Term Memories Requires Gene Expression lodish8e_ch22_47.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_47_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Key Concepts of Section 22.5lodish8e_ch22_48.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_48_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Key Terms lodish8e_ch22_49.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_49_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch22_50.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_50_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Extended References lodish8e_ch22_51.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_51_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch22_52.html57335f41757a2ede7e000005
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch22_52_dlap.xml57335f41757a2ede7e000005
Chapter Introductionlodish8e_ch23_1.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_1_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
23.1 Overview of Host Defenses lodish8e_ch23_2.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_2_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Pathogens Enter the Body Through Different Routes and Replicate at Different Sites lodish8e_ch23_3.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_3_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Leukocytes Circulate Throughout the Body and Take Up Residence in Tissues and Lymph Nodes lodish8e_ch23_4.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_4_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Mechanical and Chemical Boundaries Form a First Layer of Defense Against Pathogens lodish8e_ch23_5.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_5_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Innate Immunity Provides a Second Line of Defense lodish8e_ch23_6.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_6_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Inflammation Is a Complex Response to Injury That Encompasses Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity lodish8e_ch23_7.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_7_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Adaptive Immunity, the Third Line of Defense, Exhibits Specificity lodish8e_ch23_8.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_8_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Concepts of Section 23.1lodish8e_ch23_9.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_9_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
23.2 Immunoglobulins: Structure and Function lodish8e_ch23_10.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_10_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Immunoglobulins Have a Conserved Structure Consisting of Heavy and Light Chains lodish8e_ch23_11.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_11_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Multiple Immunoglobulin Isotypes Exist, Each with Different Functions lodish8e_ch23_12.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_12_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Each Naive B Cell Produces a Unique Immunoglobulin lodish8e_ch23_13.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_13_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Immunoglobulin Domains Have a Characteristic Fold Composed of Two β Sheets Stabilized by a Disulfide Bond lodish8e_ch23_14.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_14_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
An Immunoglobulin’s Constant Region Determines Its Functional Properties lodish8e_ch23_15.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_15_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Concepts of Section 23.2lodish8e_ch23_16.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_16_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
23.3 Generation of Antibody Diversity and B-Cell Development lodish8e_ch23_17.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_17_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
A Functional Light-Chain Gene Requires Assembly of V and J Gene Segments lodish8e_ch23_18.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_18_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Rearrangement of the Heavy-Chain Locus Involves V, D, and J Gene Segments lodish8e_ch23_19.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_19_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Somatic Hypermutation Allows the Generation and Selection of Antibodies with Improved Affinities lodish8e_ch23_20.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_20_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
B-Cell Development Requires Input from a Pre-B-Cell Receptor lodish8e_ch23_21.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_21_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
During an Adaptive Response, B Cells Switch from Making Membrane-Bound Ig to Making Secreted Ig lodish8e_ch23_22.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_22_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
B Cells Can Switch the Isotype of Immunoglobulin They Make lodish8e_ch23_23.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_23_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Concepts of Section 23.3lodish8e_ch23_24.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_24_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
23.4 The MHC and Antigen Presentation lodish8e_ch23_25.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_25_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
The MHC Determines the Ability of Two Unrelated Individuals of the Same Species to Accept or Reject Grafts lodish8e_ch23_26.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_26_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
The Killing Activity of Cytotoxic T Cells Is Antigen Specific and MHC Restricted lodish8e_ch23_27.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_27_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
T Cells with Different Functional Properties Are Guided by Two Distinct Classes of MHC Molecules lodish8e_ch23_28.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_28_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
MHC Molecules Bind Peptide Antigens and Interact with the T-Cell Receptor lodish8e_ch23_29.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_29_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Antigen Presentation Is the Process by Which Protein Fragments Are Complexed with MHC Products and Posted to the Cell Surface lodish8e_ch23_30.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_30_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
The Class I MHC Pathway Presents Cytosolic Antigens lodish8e_ch23_31.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_31_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
The Class II MHC Pathway Presents Antigens Delivered to the Endocytic Pathway lodish8e_ch23_32.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_32_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Concepts of Section 23.4lodish8e_ch23_33.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_33_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
23.5 T Cells, T-Cell Receptors, and T-Cell Development lodish8e_ch23_34.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_34_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
The Structure of the T-Cell Receptor Resembles the F(ab) Portion of an Immunoglobulin lodish8e_ch23_35.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_35_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
TCR Genes Are Rearranged in a Manner Similar to Immunoglobulin Genes lodish8e_ch23_36.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_36_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Many of the Variable Residues of TCRs Are Encoded in the Junctions Between V, D, and J Gene Segments lodish8e_ch23_37.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_37_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Signaling via Antigen-Specific Receptors Triggers Proliferation and Differentiation of T and B Cells lodish8e_ch23_38.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_38_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
T Cells Capable of Recognizing MHC Molecules Develop Through a Process of Positive and Negative Selection lodish8e_ch23_39.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_39_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
T Cells Commit to the CD4 or CD8 Lineage in the Thymus lodish8e_ch23_40.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_40_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
T Cells Require Two Types of Signals for Full Activation lodish8e_ch23_41.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_41_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Cytotoxic T Cells Carry the CD8 Co-receptor and Are Specialized for Killing lodish8e_ch23_42.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_42_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
T Cells Produce an Array of Cytokines That Provide Signals to Other Immune-System Cells lodish8e_ch23_43.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_43_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Helper T Cells Are Divided into Distinct Subsets Based on Their Cytokine Production and Expression of Surface Markers lodish8e_ch23_44.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_44_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Leukocytes Move in Response to Chemotactic Cues Provided by Chemokines lodish8e_ch23_45.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_45_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Concepts of Section 23.5lodish8e_ch23_46.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_46_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
23.6 Collaboration of Immune-System Cells in the Adaptive Response lodish8e_ch23_47.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_47_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Toll-Like Receptors Perceive a Variety of Pathogen-Derived Macromolecular Patterns lodish8e_ch23_48.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_48_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Engagement of Toll-Like Receptors Leads to Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells lodish8e_ch23_49.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_49_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Production of High-Affinity Antibodies Requires Collaboration Between B and T cells lodish8e_ch23_50.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_50_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Vaccines Elicit Protective Immunity Against a Variety of Pathogens lodish8e_ch23_51.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_51_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
The Immune System Defends Against Cancer lodish8e_ch23_52.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_52_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Concepts of Section 23.6lodish8e_ch23_53.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_53_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Key Terms lodish8e_ch23_54.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_54_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch23_55.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_55_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Extended References lodish8e_ch23_56.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_56_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch23_57.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_57_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Classic Experiment 23-1: Two Genes Become One: Somatic Recombination of Immunoglobulin Geneslodish8e_ch23_58.html57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch23_58_dlap.xml57335f7c757a2eec7e000001
Classic Experiment 24-1: Identification of the RAS Oncogenelodish8e_ch24_1.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_1_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
24.1 How Tumor Cells Differ from Normal Cells lodish8e_ch24_2.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_2_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
The Genetic Makeup of Most Cancer Cells Is Dramatically Altered lodish8e_ch24_3.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_3_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Cellular Housekeeping Functions Are Fundamentally Altered in Cancer Cells lodish8e_ch24_4.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_4_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Uncontrolled Proliferation Is a Universal Trait of Cancer lodish8e_ch24_5.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_5_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Cancer Cells Escape the Confines of Tissues lodish8e_ch24_6.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_6_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Tumors Are Heterogeneous Organs That Are Sculpted by Their Environment lodish8e_ch24_7.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_7_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Tumor Growth Requires Formation of New Blood Vessels lodish8e_ch24_8.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_8_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Invasion and Metastasis Are Late Stages of Tumorigenesis lodish8e_ch24_9.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_9_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Key Concepts of Section 24.1lodish8e_ch24_10.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_10_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
24.2 The Origins and Development of Cancer lodish8e_ch24_11.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_11_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Carcinogens Induce Cancer by Damaging DNA lodish8e_ch24_12.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_12_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Some Carcinogens Have Been Linked to Specific Cancers lodish8e_ch24_13.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_13_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
The Multi-hit Model Can Explain the Progress of Cancer lodish8e_ch24_14.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_14_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Successive Oncogenic Mutations Can Be Traced in Colon Cancers lodish8e_ch24_15.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_15_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Cancer Development Can Be Studied in Cultured Cells and in Animal Models lodish8e_ch24_16.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_16_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Key Concepts of Section 24.2lodish8e_ch24_17.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_17_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
24.3 The Genetic Basis of Cancer lodish8e_ch24_18.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_18_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Gain-of-Function Mutations Convert Proto-oncogenes into Oncogenes lodish8e_ch24_19.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_19_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Cancer-Causing Viruses Contain Oncogenes or Activate Cellular Proto-oncogenes lodish8e_ch24_20.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_20_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Loss-of-Function Mutations in Tumor-Suppressor Genes Are Oncogenic lodish8e_ch24_21.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_21_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Inherited Mutations in Tumor-Suppressor Genes Increase Cancer Risk lodish8e_ch24_22.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_22_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Epigenetic Changes Can Contribute to Tumorigenesis lodish8e_ch24_23.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_23_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Micro-RNAs Can Promote and Inhibit Tumorigenesis lodish8e_ch24_24.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_24_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Researchers Are Identifying Drivers of Tumorigenesis lodish8e_ch24_25.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_25_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Molecular Cell Biology Is Changing How Cancer Is Diagnosed and Treated lodish8e_ch24_26.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_26_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Key Concepts of Section 24.3lodish8e_ch24_27.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_27_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
24.4 Misregulation of Cell Growth and Death Pathways in Cancer lodish8e_ch24_28.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_28_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Oncogenic Receptors Can Promote Proliferation in the Absence of External Growth Factors lodish8e_ch24_29.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_29_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Many Oncogenes Encode Constitutively Active Signal-Transducing Proteins lodish8e_ch24_30.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_30_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Inappropriate Production of Nuclear Transcription Factors Can Induce Transformation lodish8e_ch24_31.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_31_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Aberrations in Signaling Pathways That Control Development Are Associated with Many Cancers lodish8e_ch24_32.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_32_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Genes That Regulate Apoptosis Can Function as Proto-oncogenes or Tumor-Suppressor Genes lodish8e_ch24_33.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_33_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Key Concepts of Section 24.4lodish8e_ch24_34.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_34_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
24.5 Deregulation of the Cell Cycle and Genome Maintenance Pathways in Cancer lodish8e_ch24_35.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_35_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Mutations That Promote Unregulated Passage from G1 to S Phase Are Oncogenic lodish8e_ch24_36.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_36_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Loss of p53 Abolishes the DNA Damage Checkpoint lodish8e_ch24_37.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_37_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Loss of DNA-Repair Systems Can Lead to Cancer lodish8e_ch24_38.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_38_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Key Concepts of Section 24.5lodish8e_ch24_39.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_39_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Key Terms lodish8e_ch24_40.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_40_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Review the Concepts lodish8e_ch24_41.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_41_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
References lodish8e_ch24_42.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_42_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Perspectives for the Future lodish8e_ch24_43.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_43_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
[Unknown Title]lodish8e_ch24_44.html57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch24_44_dlap.xml57335fb8757a2ee27e000001
Glossary - Alodish8e_ch201_1.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_1_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Blodish8e_ch201_2.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_2_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Clodish8e_ch201_3.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_3_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Dlodish8e_ch201_4.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_4_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Elodish8e_ch201_5.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_5_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Flodish8e_ch201_6.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_6_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Glodish8e_ch201_7.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_7_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Hlodish8e_ch201_8.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_8_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Ilodish8e_ch201_9.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_9_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Jlodish8e_ch201_10.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_10_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Klodish8e_ch201_11.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_11_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Llodish8e_ch201_12.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_12_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Mlodish8e_ch201_13.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_13_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Nlodish8e_ch201_14.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_14_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Olodish8e_ch201_15.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_15_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Plodish8e_ch201_16.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_16_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Qlodish8e_ch201_17.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_17_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Rlodish8e_ch201_18.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_18_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Slodish8e_ch201_19.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_19_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Tlodish8e_ch201_20.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_20_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Ulodish8e_ch201_21.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_21_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Vlodish8e_ch201_22.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_22_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - Wlodish8e_ch201_23.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_23_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Glossary - X, Y, Zlodish8e_ch201_24.html5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch201_24_dlap.xml5758c5ab757a2e0305000000
Index - Alodish8e_ch202_1.html5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_1_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_2_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_3_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_4_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_5_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_6_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
Index - Glodish8e_ch202_7.html5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_7_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
Index - Hlodish8e_ch202_8.html5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_8_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_9_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_10_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
Index - Klodish8e_ch202_11.html5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_11_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_12_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_13_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_14_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_15_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_16_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_17_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_18_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_19_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_20_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_21_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_22_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
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DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_23_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
Index - X, Y, Zlodish8e_ch202_24.html5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch202_24_dlap.xml5758d2c9757a2ebe07000000
About the Authors lodish8e_ch101_1.html5759af77757a2e6214000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch101_1_dlap.xml5759af77757a2e6214000000
Molecular Cell Biology, Eighth Editionlodish8e_ch101_2.html5759af77757a2e6214000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch101_2_dlap.xml5759af77757a2e6214000000
Preface lodish8e_ch101_3.html5759af77757a2e6214000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch101_3_dlap.xml5759af77757a2e6214000000
Media and Supplements lodish8e_ch101_4.html5759af77757a2e6214000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch101_4_dlap.xml5759af77757a2e6214000000
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS lodish8e_ch101_5.html5759af77757a2e6214000000
DLAP questionslodish8e_ch101_5_dlap.xml5759af77757a2e6214000000